DIGESTIVE AND

EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive System • The system responsible for breaking down
large organic molecules into smaller
particles that the body can use as fuel
• The breakdown of food involves two
phases – Mechanical phase and Chemical
phase
• It is responsible for the absorption of
digested food for distribution to the
different cells
• It is also in charge of excreting waste
especially the undigested food
2 Phases of • Mechanical Phase – involves the
Digestion breaking down of food into
smaller pieces.
• Chemical Phase – involves the
further breakdown of food into
smaller forms that can pass
through the plasma membrane.
PARTS OF
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 • It is a specialized organ for receiving
food and breaking down large organic
molecules.
• It is where food is changed mechanically
through biting and chewing.
• It is where food is moistened by saliva.
• The saliva contains an enzyme called
Amylase
MOUTH/ ORAL CAVITY • Bolus – A soft rounded ball of chewed
food
 • It is a long narrow pipe that
connects the mouth to the
stomach.
• Peristalsis – is a process which
consists of rhythmic contractions
of the muscles in the inner wall of
the esophagus to push the food
down to the stomach

ESOPHAGUS
 • It is located on the left side of the
body below the diaphragm
• It also plays a role in protein
digestion
• Chyme – the bolus of food is
mixed with gastric juices to form a
soupy liquid

STOMACH
 • It is where the final digestion of all
nutrients takes place and also
where all nutrients from the food
are absorbed
• The digested food is assimilated in
the small intestine and the waste
is passed on to the large intestine
SMALL • It is divided into three (3) sections:
INTESTINE Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
3 sections of • Duodenum- directly attached to the stomach where
chyme is mixed pancreatic acid.

small • Jejunum- the middle part is where the chemical

intestine
breakdown of chyme is completed.
• Ileum- the longest partwhere digested food is
absorbed into the bloodstream.
 • Villi – Finger-like projections found in the
SMALL inner surface of small intestine.
INTESTINE • Microvilli – Cells that are found in the villus.
• Bile – Secreted by pancreas; enters the small
intestine from the gall bladder to assist in fat
digestion.
• The products of digestion enter cells of the
villi, moves across the cells, and enter blood
vessels called capillaries.
• Substances that have not been
digested/absorbed then pass into the large
intestine.
 • It also known as Colon
• It is divided into ascending, transverse, and
descending portions.
• Appendix/Cecum – The last part of the large
intestine consists of a finger-like structure
• It is where ingestible materials move from the
small intestine
• It absorbs water from the undigested food

LARGE • Rectum – Stores the undigested food

• Anus - The opening at the lower end of the
INTESTINE large intestine through which feces are released
 Other • Pancreas – Produces pancreatic
amylase
Accessory • Liver – Produces the bile
Organs: • Gallbladder – Storehouse of bile
 The
Digestive
System
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
Prepared and Discussed by: Group 4
EXCRETORY • It is also known as the Urinary system

SYSTEM • It is responsible for the removal of water-

soluble waste products from the body in
the form of urine
• It particularly excretes nitrogenous waste
product
• It functions proper coordination with
other organ systems, like the skin, lungs
and intestine to excrete all types of waste
products produced by cell metabolism
PARTS OF
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
 • They are bean-shaped organs situated
below the rib cage, near at the middle of
the back
• They act as filtration system of the body
and clean the blood of the toxic
materials such as urea
• They play an important role in
regulating blood pressure
• They regulate the pH of the blood
• They take part in the manufacture of
KIDNEYS vitamin D.
 • They are the narrow tubes that
carry or transport urine from the
kidney to the bladder for storage
before excretion
• They prevent back flow of urine
during urination

URETERS
 • It is a triangular hollow muscular
organ located in the lower
abdominal region
• Serves as temporary storage of
urine
• It can store as much as two (2)
cups of urine
URINARY
BLADDER
 • They prevent the leakage of urine
by closing tightly the opening of
the bladder
• Urination – When the bladder
muscles contract and the
sphincter muscles relax, to
facilitate the release of urine
SPHINCTER
MUSCLES
 • It is a tube like structure that carry
urine from the body.

URETHRA
 OTHER • Liver – it removes the excess amino acids
from the blood, which acted upon by the
ACCESSORY liver cells converting it into urea. (excreted
ORGANS: through urine and sweat)
• Sweat Glands/Skin – They eliminate
excess water, excess organic and inorganic
salts
• Lungs – It removes excess carbon dioxide
and small amount of water into the air sacs
• Large Intestine – It removes the
undigested part of the food.
 OTHER
ACCESSORY
ORGANS:
The Excretory
System
Thank You😊😊😊