UNIT 1

Basics of Digital Electronics

Lecture 2
Logic Gate
• A logic gate is an electronic device that makes logical decisions based
on the different combinations of digital signals available on its inputs.

• A digital logic gate can have more than one input signal but only one
digital output signal.
Logic Gate Contd…
The output is HIGH when both the
inputs are HIGH.
Boolean expression for AND gate
is
Q= A.B
Logic Gate Contd…
• OR Gate
• OR gate is a type of digital logic gate
which has an output that is normally
at logic level ’0’, but
• goes ’HIGH’ to a logic level ’1’ when
any of its inputs are at logic level ’1’.
• The output of a logic OR gate returns
’LOW’ again when all of its inputs
are at a logic level ’0’.
• The Boolean expression for OR gate
is denoted as Q = A+B.
Logic Gate Contd…
• NOT Gate
• In digital electronics, the NOT gate is also
known as inverting buffer or a digital
inverter element.
• A NOT gate is basically a single input device.
It has an output level that is often at logic
level ‘1’.
• However, it goes ‘LOW’ to a logic level ‘0’
whenever the single input is at logic level ‘1’.
The
• output from a NOT gate returns ’HIGH’
when its input is at logic level ’0’.
• The Boolean expression of NOT gate is
Logic Gate Contd…
• NAND Gate
• NAND gate is a combination of
AND gate with an inverter or
NOT gate connected together in
series.
• The Boolean expression of NAND
gate is Q= A.B
Logic Gate Contd…
• NOR Gate
• NOR gate is a combination of OR
gate with a NOT gate connected
together in a series. The NOR
• gate has an output that is normally
at logic level ’1’ and only goes
’LOW’ to logic level ’0’ when
• any of its inputs are at logic level ’1’.
• The Boolean expression of NOR
gate is
Logic Gate Contd…

Universal Gate??
Logic Gate Contd…

AND NOT
Logic Gate Contd…
• OR
Logic Gate Contd…

NOT OR
Logic Gate Contd…

AND
Logic Gate Contd…
EX-OR
Logic Gate Contd…
EXOR USING NAND
Logic Gate Contd…(EX-NOR)
Logic Gate Contd…

EXNOR