Interviews Research

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Interviews

Naveed Iqbal
Interviews
• Verbal conversation between two people with
the objective of collecting relevant
information for the purpose of research.

• Knowing regarding What, How and Why of a


topic from the relevant respondent

• Primary Data Collection Method


Types of Interviews
• Personal/Group/Focus Group interviews
• Descriptive/Investigative/Analytical etc.
• Structured/Non-Structured Interviews
• Standardized/Non-Standardized Interviews
• Open-Ended/Closed-Ended Interviews
• Subject-Focused/Personality-Profile Interviews
• Directive/Non-Directive Interviews
• In-depth Interviews
• Projective Interviews
Advantages
• High Participation
• Probing Opportunity
• Observation Opportunity
• Question Clarification and Adjustment
• Feedback Opportunity
• Interview can adjust very lengthy questionnaire
• Props & Visual/Data Aids
• High Involvement
Disadvantages
• Interviewer’s/Interviewee’s Bias
• Lack of Anonymity
• High Cost
• Recording Facilities
• Call-backs & Re-schedules
• Variance Effect
• Cultural Constraints
• Questioning/Answering Style
• Data Sifting
Major Steps in Interview Design
• Stating Research Question/Hypothesis
• Sampling
• Constructing Questionnaire
• Pre-Testing
• Conducting Interviews
• Analyzing Data
• Reporting Results
Conducting Interviews - Steps
• Introduction
• Rapport Building
• Questioning
• Probing
• Observing
• Recording
• Closing
• Sifting
• Analyzing and Reporting
Some Common Question Topics…
• Behaviors
• Feelings
• Opinions
• Reactions
• Demographics
• Sensory
• Knowledge
• Follow Ups
• Contrasts/Comparisons
Interviewer's Skills
• Knowledgeable
• Presentable
• Procedural/Structural Questioning Ability
• Clear, Simple, Easy Questioning
• Command on Interview-Steering
• Probing and Cross-Questioning Ability
• Critical to Validity and Reliability
• Observation Ability
• Retaining & Interpreting Ability
• Data Recording Ability
Interview Analysis
• Statistical Analysis
• Textual Analysis
• Narrative Analysis
• Conversation Analysis
• Coding, Indexing, Condensing, Interpretation
• Framing Analysis
• Discourse Analysis
• Deconstruction Analysis
Software-Based Analysis
• nVIVO
• MAXQDA
• NUD*IST
• SPSS
• HyperRESEARCH
• ATLAS.ti
• Microsoft Excel

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