TENSES (TIMES)

If you can understand and use the concept of tenses, (time division), you will be able to speak any language with precision as well as you own. The following workshop will give you a structural outline to utilize for many years to come.

TENSES AND STRUCTURES

TENSES(Times)
y PRESENT y PAST y FUTURE y CONDITIONAL

STRUCTURES
y SIMPLE y PROGRESSIVE y PERFECT y PERFECT PROGRESSIVE y EMPHATIC y IMMEDIATE (future) y IMPERFECT (past)

First, let s talk about Tenses.

PRESENT TENSES
y Simple Present y This can be all the time, regularly, frequently. y Auxiliaries do and does y Present Progressive (Continuous) y This is what is happening right now, one time only. y to be + verb + ing

VERB CONJUGATION TABLES

Affirmative Statement I You He She It We You They am are is is is are are are Negative Statement I You He She It We You They am are is is is are are are not not not not not not not not (Im not) (arent) (isnt) (isnt) (isnt) (arent) (arent) (arent)

Affirmative Question? Am Are Is Is Is Are Are Are I? you? he? she? it? we? you? they?

Negative Question? Arent Arent Isnt Isnt Isnt Arent Arent Arent I?* you? he? she? it? we? you? they?

PAST TENSES
y There are several past tenses. y It can depend on when and how the action took place. y How long a period of time: definite or indefinite. y It can happen once and be done. y It can be a continual past action. y We don t know when it began or ended.

FUTURE TENSES
y When we discuss something having to do with the y y y y

future in English, we always use the future tense. Anything we are going to do in the future moment. Sometimes when we ask questions. Spanish does not always use the future tense. We refer to the future with will or to be going to.

CONDITIONAL TENSES
y Some grammarians consider the conditional as a part y y y y y y

of the future tenses. This is a possibility: maybe, perhaps. We are not always sure if we will do it, or not. Many times accompanied by an if clause. The if clause can indicate the subjunctive mood. The conditional is a part of the future, but a more distant and uncertain part . We are not sure. The 3 Conditionals.

Let s talk about structures.

y There are three (3) main structures:

ySimple yProgressive yPerfect

Simple
y Simple means just that: SIMPLE. y The verb remains SIMPLE. y The questions and negations are made y with an auxiliary. y The tenses do not matter.

Simple tense examples:

y Affirmative y You go. y You went. y You will go. y You would go. y Question y Do you go? y Did you go? y Will you go? y Would you go? y

Negative You dont go. You didnt go. You wont go. You wouldnt go. Negative Question Dont you go? Didnt you go? Wont you go? Wouldnt you go?

Progressive Tenses
y To be + verb + ing y The tense is not important y The structure stays the same.

Progressive tense examples:

y y y y y y y y y y

Affirmative You are going. You were going. You will be going. You would be going. Question Are you going? Were you going? Will you be going? Would you be going?

Negative You arent going. You werent going. You wont be going. You wouldnt be going. Negative Question Arent you going? Werent you going? Wont you be going? Wouldnt you be going?

Perfect Tenses
y To have + past participle y The tense is not important y The structure remains the same.

Perfect tense examples:

y y y y y y y y y y

Affirmative You have gone. You had gone. You will have gone. You would have gone. Question Have you gone? Had you gone? Will you have gone? Would you have gone?

Negative You havent gone. You hadnt gone. You wont have gone. You wouldnt have gone. Negative Question Havent you gone? Hadnt you gone? Wont you have gone? Wouldnt you have gone?

The 3 main structures:

ySimple yProgressive yPerfect

LET S PUT IT ALL TOGETHER

PRESENT TENSES
y Simple present y Present progressive y Present perfect y Present perfect progressive y Emphatic present

PAST TENSES
y Simple past y Past progressive y Past perfect y Past perfect progressive y Imperfect past y Emphatic past

FUTURE TENSES
y Simple future y Future progressive y Future perfect y Future perfect progressive y Immediate future

CONDITIONAL TENSES
y Simple conditional y Conditional progressive y Conditional perfect y Conditional perfect progressive

SUMMARY
y Simple Present y Present Progressive y Present Perfect y Present Perfect Progressive y Emphatic Present

Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive Emphatic Past Imperfect Past Simple Conditional Conditional Progressive Conditional Perfect Conditional Perfect Progressive

y Simple Future y Future Progressive y Future Perfect y Future Perfect Progressive y Immediate Future

TIME LINE

y |_____________________|______________________|

REMEMBER:
yTENSES

and ySTRUCTURES

References
y Warriner s English Grammar and Composition y 501 English Verbs, by Thomas Beyer y Ramsey s Spanish Grammar