Gender and Society

Basic Gender Concepts

and SOGIE

ARGEL B. MASANDA, Ph.D., RGC, RPm

Associate Professor I (part-time)
Wesleyan University Philippines
 Outline
Introduction

Sex and Gender: An Overview

Sexual Orientation, Gender
Identity and Expression – Sex
Characteristics
Epilogues
Questions.....

What is
your Sex
and
Gender?

What is the
Sex and
Gender of
the person at
your right?
Gendered
Sexuality

Our life in general is

“GENDERED”
What is Sex and Gender?
Sex: The Unchangeable
Interference
Gender: The Needed
Concept
We aren’t
just born
with gender.
We are born
into gender.
Gender Inequality

Why
The main reason why is because of the...

SEX ROLES
AND GENDER
ROLES we
adopted.
 Sex and Gender Roles

Sex Roles are socially coded behaviors and

practices often related to a person’s reproductive
capacities, such as women with the roles of
motherhood and men with fatherhood.

Gender Roles are culturally determined activities and

responsibilities that are assigned to men and women
on the basis of their perceived gender differences.
How about “Gender
Equity”?
Next, let’s
meet some
hotties!
 Who is the “most attractive”?

1 2 3
Who is the “most attractive”?

1 2 3
...uhmm, Let’s
have another
survey!
Back when you were born,
what did the doctor say?

“It’ s a boy!”

“It’ s a girl!”
Right now, how do you see yourself?

“Lalake ako”

“Babae ako”
If we ask other people around you, how do you think they would
describe the way you talk, act, dress, look, and carry yourself?

Mostly Masculine / “Boyish” or Like a guy

Mostly Feminine / “Girly” or Like a girl

Blend of Masculine and Feminine

 Who turns you on?

Mostly men, boys, guys

Mostly women, girls, ladies

Sometimes men, sometimes women

Okay, now some
answers (and
concepts)
Back when you were born,
what did the doctor say?

It’ s a boy!
Birth-
It’ s a girl!
assigned
Sex
Right now, how do you see yourself?

Lalake ako
Gender
Babae ako Identity
If we ask other people around you, how do you think they would
describe the way you talk, act, dress, look, and carry yourself?

Mostly Masculine / “Boyish” or Like a guy

Gender
Mostly Feminine / “Girly” or Like a girl Expression

Blend of Masculine or Feminine

 Who turns you on?

Mostly men, boys, guys

Sexual
Mostly women, girls, ladies Orientation

Sometimes men, sometimes women

 Birth-
assigned
Sex
NOT
Sexual NECESSARILY Gender
Orientation LINKED Identity

Gender
Expression
 What is SOGIE-SC?
S
• Sexual

O
• Orientation

G
• Gender

I
• Identity

E
• Expression

S
• Sex

C
• Characteristics
TYPES OF ATTRACTION
 Sexual & Romantic Orientations

The enduring pattern of

romantic or sexual attraction
(or a combination of these)
to persons of opposite, same,
or both sexes/genders or
none at all.
 Gender Identity

Each person’s deeply felt internal and

individual experience of gender,
which may or may not correspond
with the sex they were assigned at
birth or the gender attributed to
them by the society.
 Gender Expression

External manifestations of gender,

expressed through one’s name,
pronouns, clothing, haircut, behavior,
voice, or body characteristics. Society
identifies these cues as masculine and
feminine, although what is
considered masculine and feminine
changes over time and varies by
culture.
Sexual Characteristics
 One more time; idiin pa natin.
Biological
Sex
Cultural
Gender
Relational Interpersonal
Sexual orientation
Psychological
Gender identity
Behavioral
Gender expression
 Now, let’s
get to meet
the hotties!
 Who is the “most attractive”?

Portia De Rosi Harisu Megan Fox

Australian Actress Korean Siger US Actress
Lesbian Woman Trans Woman Bisexual Woman
 Who is the “most attractive”?

Tom Dailey Rain Aydian Dowling

Olympian Diver Korean Actor American Entrepreneur
Gay Man Straight Man Trans Man
Ignorance of these
concepts inevitably
results to what?
 The Minority Stress Model
(Meyer & Frost, 2013)

Having a • Sexual minority status,

distinctive SOGIE per se, does not lead to
poor outcomes.
Stigma • Rather, experiences of
stigma and inequalities
Well-being
are those that reduce
General well-being for SOGIE
distinctive teens &
stressors adults.
For SOGIE distinctive people, stigma lowers well-being,
on top of other stressors.
Meyer, I. H., & Frost, D. M. (2013). Minority stress and the health of sexual minorities. Handbook of psychology and sexual orientation, 252-266.
Stigma ➔ “Minority stress”
(Hatzenbuehler, 2009; Meyer & Frost, 2013)

Being a part of a
stigmatized group
negatively impacts
well-being.
Psychologist:
"Normal po ang inyong anak.
Tinatrato lang siyang abnormal ng mga taong
nasa paligid niya."

My Husband’s Lover (19 Aug 2013)

 In hostile contexts

Stigma
Well-being

General
stressors
 In “tolerant” contexts

Stigma
Well-being
General
stressors
In Gender-affirmative contexts

Stigma

Well-being
General
stressors
So how do we achieve the
illusive Sex and Gender E
quality?
Breaking down the Gender Barrier

Educate yourself about

Gender Diversity
Commit yourself to
Social Change
Share the knowledge
to others and wean
them on this cause
 Summary
1. Gender equality and equity are about fundamental aspects of
human experience — happiness, opportunities, intimacy, love,
and identity.
2. Men, women, and SOGIE distinctive people share the same
hopes, dreams, needs, concerns, and stressors as everyone else.
3. Those who make things worst are those who do not understand
enough the beauty and wonder of human sexuality
4. Gender inequality, inequity, and stigma negatively impact
wellbeing; but supportive and learned environments that affirm
gender equality, equity, and diversity boosts wellbeing.
 REFERENCES
American Psychological Association. Guidelines on delivering
psychological services to sexual minority groups. USA.
CLSU Gender and Development Office. (2016). Gender sensitivity
training module. Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija
Dakis, A. C. (2020). Introduction to sexual orientation, gender
identity, gender expression, and sexual characteristics. Philippine
Commission on Women.
Pattemore, C. & Chesak, J. (2020): Just the facts: Sex.
https://greatist.com/discover/just-the-facts-sex
Psychological Association of the Philippines – SOGIE Psychology
Special Interest Group. (2016). SOGIE psychology training
module. Philippine Social Science Center, Diliman, Quezon City.
Thank you so much
for participating 