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Chap08A Waiting Line Analysis
Chap08A Waiting Line Analysis
Chap08A Waiting Line Analysis
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
8A-2
Chapter 8A
OBJECTIVES
Servicing System
Servers
Queue or
Customer Waiting Line
Arrivals Exit
8A-5
Population Source
Finite Infinite
Example: Number of Example: The
machines needing number of people
repair when a who could wait in
company only has a line for
three machines. gasoline.
8A-6
Service Pattern
Service
Pattern
Constant Variable
Example: Items Example: People
coming down an spending time
automated shopping.
assembly line.
8A-7
Length
Service Time
Distribution
8A-8
Single
Multiphase
Phase
One-person
Single Channel Car wash
barber shop
Degree of Patience
No Way! No Way!
BALK RENEG
8A-10
Source
Model Layout Population Service Pattern
1 Single channel Infinite Exponential
2 Single channel Infinite Constant
3 Multichannel Infinite Exponential
4 Single or Multi Finite Exponential
= Arrival rate
= Service rate
1
Average service time
1
Average time between arrivals
= = Ratio of total arrival rate to sevice rate
for a single server
Lq Average number waiting in line
8A-14
Example: Model 1
Assume a drive-up window at a fast food restaurant.
Customers arrive at the rate of 25 per hour.
The employee can serve one customer every two
minutes.
Assume Poisson arrival and exponential service
rates.
Determine:
A) What is the average utilization of the employee?
B) What is the average number of customers in line?
C) What is the average number of customers in the
system?
D) What is the average waiting time in line?
E) What is the average waiting time in the system?
F) What is the probability that exactly two cars will be
in the system?
8A-16
Example: Model 1
= 25 cust / hr
1 customer
= = 30 cust / hr
2 mins (1hr / 60 mins)
25 cust / hr
= = = .8333
30 cust / hr
8A-17
Example: Model 1
25
Ls = = =5
- (30 - 25)
8A-18
Example: Model 1
Lq
Wq = = .1667 hrs = 10 mins
E) What is the average waiting time in the system?
Ls
Ws = = .2 hrs = 12 mins
8A-19
Example: Model 1
n
pn = (1- )( )
25 25 2
p 2 = (1- )( ) = .1157
30 30
8A-20
Example: Model 2
Example: Model 2
1 1
Ws = Wq + = .06667 hrs + = .1333 hrs = 8 mins
15/hr
8A-22
Example: Model 3
Recall the Model 1 example:
Drive-up window at a fast food restaurant.
Customers arrive at the rate of 25 per
hour.
The employee can serve one customer
every two minutes.
Assume Poisson arrival and exponential
service rates.
Example: Model 3
Example: Model 4
Example: Model 4
Queuing Approximation
Define:
Standard deviation of X
Cx coefficient of variation for r.v. X =
Mean of X
Variance
Cx2 squared coefficient of variation (scv) = C x
2
mean2
8A-29
Queue Approximation
Compute
S
Ls Lq S
8A-30
Approximation Example
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
Answer: a. Constant
8A-34
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
End of Chapter 8A
1-39