Department of Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region XII
Division of Sarangani
KIBAC INTEGRATED SCHOOL
School ID: 500776
Sitio KIbac, Barangay Pag-asa, Alabel, Sarangani Province

Class Observation
SY: 2020-2021
Princy Morales T-1
Grade 9- Adviser
Lesson Plan
In
Science 8
 I. OBJECTIVES:
a. Identify the structures of the digestive system; and

b. Demonstrate an understanding of Digestive System

functions.
Code: S8LTIVa-13
II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: “Digestive System”

References: Internet, Self Learning Materials in
Science 8
Materials: visual aids, pentel pen, pictuires,
crackers, zip lock bag/cellophane, ½ sliced bread , water.
 III. Procedure
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Reminders
5. Review
 What was our topic yesterday?
 Motivation
“Cracker in the Mouth”
 Each student will be given two crackers
 The students will follow the two steps
Step 1: Put a regular cracker into your mouth and chew.
Step 2: Place the new cracker in your mouth and let it sit for 2 minutes.
Questions:
What does it feels like initially?
What it feels after 2 minutes in your mouth and what it feels like when you chew it?
 Presentation of Objectives
 The students will read the objectives
B. Developmental Activities
1. Activity
• The students will group into 2 groups.
• Each group will arrange the puzzle pictures of Digestive System.
• Each group will choose 1 representative to present/say something about the picture .

CRITERIA

Presentation 50%

Neatness 30%

Teamwork 20%

Total 100%

2. Analysis
• What did you observe in our activity?
• What puzzle pictures did you arranged?
3. Discussion
The students will be divided into 6 groups.
The teacher prepared 6 envelopes.
Each group will picked 1 envelope.
Each group will choose 1 representative in a group.
They will identify the specific picture inside the folder
Discuss its function in 3 minutes.

The Digestive System is responsible for the breakdown and

absorption of the nutrients from the food thereby bringing
energy for the body, and it is divided into two parts the organ
of alimentary tract that comes in contact with the food and
the accessory organ that pour out secretion to assess
in the digestive system.
Digestion - the process by which the food is broken into
Smaller components that the body can absorb to nourish the cell.
The Two Phases of Digestion
Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
 During Mechanical Digestion the food is broken down into smaller pieces in the
process of chewing or mastication.
Example is the cracker in the mouth activity.
 In Chemical Digestion the food is acted upon the chemical subs called enzymes.
The enzymes convert the food into their simplest form.
Group 1: Mouth - The mouth is where the digestion begins; in the mouth the food is
mechanically and chemically digested.
 The Mouth contains the following structures.
 The Teeth which breaks down the food into smaller pieces.
 The Tongue a muscular organ that mixes the food with saliva aids in swallowing.
 The Duct of the Salivary Glands that secretes saliva that lubricates the food and
the palate that forms the rooting of the mouth.
 Salivary Amylase Ptyalin – is the enzyme that digests the carbohydrates in the
mouth.
 The food that enters the mouth is chewed and it is now called bolus.
Group 2: Pharynx - The pharynx or throat is located posterior to the mouth, it is the
common passageway for digestion and respiration. The pharynx is 5-6 inches long. During
swallowing, the sphincter muscles relax and raise the epiglottis which prevents the bolus or
the food from entering in the trachea.
 Epiglottis – prevent the bolus or food from entering the trachea.
Group 3: Esophagus - The esophagus is a muscular tube through where the food is from
pharynx to the stomach.
 Peristalsis - During swallowing, the bolus is conveyed by the esophagus into the
stomach via wavelike contraction and relaxation of involuntary muscle that is called
peristalsis.
 Cardiac Sphincter- Through peristalsis, the food goes through the cardiac
sphincter a ring shape muscles, where food enters from the esophagus to the stomach to
prevent food reflux.
Group 4: Stomach- is a pear-shaped organ that is about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 wide, the
bolus enters the stomach will convert to semi fluid partially digested food is called chyme.
The stomach is an expanding organ located between the esophagus and small intestine. The
stomach stores the food and mixes the food with gastric juice.
 Chyme- enters to the small intestines through the pyloric sphincter; the small
intestine signals the pancreas to produce pancreatic juice, and the gall bladder to
release bile.
 Pancreatic juices aid in the digestion of protein and carbohydrates and the
bile is responsible to break down fats.
Group 5: Small Intestine- is considered as the organ of complete digestion and
absorption, it is considered as the longest organ of the digestive system.
 Liver- produces the bile/organ stores the bile.
Passing through the small intestine, the food enters to the Gall bladder.
Group 6: Large Intestine- is divided into 3 parts: ascending colon, transverse
colon and the descending colon. The large intestine stores the fecal materials, absorbs
the vitamins, and reabsorbs the water from the undigested residue.
 Appendix- is also located in the proximal end of the ascending colon.
The undigested residue or the feces it will be stored in the RECTUM then excrete to the
ANUS.
4. Abstraction
 What are the structures of Digestive System?
 What are the accessory organs of digestion?
 All are which function to do what?
5. Application
Bread in the Bag
Procedures:
Take ½ piece of bread per group
Obtain the zip lock bag.
Tear your ½ sliced of bread into smaller pieces and placed it into the bag. What does this
represent?
Pour smaller amount of water into the bag. What does this represent?
Close the bag and squish the bread with your finger until all pieces are small. What does
this represent?
Drain the liquid contents down to the sink by creating a small gap which prevent by
escaping. What does this represent?
Put all the content of the bag into the garbage. What does this represent?
IV. EVALUATION
Identification:
_____________1. The organ that stores and concentrate the bile.
_____________ 2. The organ of complete digestion and absorption.
_____________3. Where the fecal material exit.
_____________4. The organ produces the bile.
_____________5. It is where the absorption of water takes place.
_____________ 6. The enzyme that is present in our saliva.
_____________7. The organ where digestion and respiration cross.
_____________8. The process of breaking down the food into simple that the cell can use.
_____________9. Wavelike contraction or rhythmic movement of the involuntary muscle.
_____________10. The organ that temporarily stored the feces.
V. ASSIGNMENT:
Make a research about the different digestive disorder and write it in your
assignment notebook. Pass it tomorrow. (20pts)
Thank You
And
God Bless
Everyone…