4 Key Forces Affecting

Organizational Behavior
 These key forces are;
1. People.
2. Structure.
3. Technology.
4. Environment.
 There is an interaction of people, structure, and technology and these elements are
influenced by the environment.
 People
 People make up the internal social system of the organization. That system consists of individuals and
groups and groups may be large and small, formal and informal.
 Groups are dynamic. Group form, change and disband. Since the organization is a combination of a group
of people, managers must handle the people in the right direction.
 This is very challenging to guide people or employees who have different educational backgrounds, talent,
and perspectives. So managers must understand predict and control the people.
 They build up a relationship among the employees and motivate themselves.
 Structure
 The structure defines the formal relationship and use of people in the organization. There are managers and
employees, accounts assemblers to accomplish different kinds of activities.
 They are related structurally so that their work can be effectively coordinated. Because there is no
organization can be successful without proper coordination.
 Many organizational structures have become flatter. This downsizing and restructuring have occurred as a
result of the pressure to lower costs while remaining competitive.
 Other structures have grown more complex as a result of mergers, acquisitions, and new ventures. Several
organizations have experimented with hiring contingent workforces (temporary, part-time, or contract
employees).
 Finally, many firms have moved from a traditional structure to a team-based one.
 Technology
 Technology provides the resources with which people work and affects the tasks that they perform. They cannot accomplish
work with their bare hands.
 The technology used has a significant influence on working relationships.
 The great benefit of technology is that it allows people to do more and better work, but it also restricts people in various ways’
It has cost as well as benefits.
 Examples of the impact of technology include the increasing use of robots and automated control systems in an assembly line.
 The dramatic shift from a manufacturing to a service economy, the impressive advances in computer hardware and software
capabilities, the rapid move toward the widespread use of the information highway (internet).
 And the need to respond to societal demands for improved quality of goods and services at acceptable prices.
 If any person has a lack of technological knowledge he/she cannot work. Moreover, technology decrease per unit cost and
improve the quality of the products and services.
 Environment
 All organizations operate within an internal and external environment. A single organization does not exist
alone.
 An organization is a part of a larger system that contains many other elements, such as the government, the
family, and other organizations. Numerous changes in the environment create demands on organizations.
 Citizens expect organizations should be socially responsible; new products and competition for customers
come from around the globe; the direct impact of unions diminishes; the dramatic pace of change in society
quickens.
 There is a direct impact of several trade unions of organizations.
 So all the elements of environments influence the attitude and provide competition. It must be considered in
the study of human behavior in an organization.