PELVIC

INFLAMMATOR
Y DISEASE
Fabiosa, Christine Dianne
Temblor, Sophia
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIAGNOSTIC
01 DEFINITION 04 TESTS

MEDICAL
02 PATHOLOGY 05 MANAGEMENT

SIGNS & NURSING

03 SYMPTOMS
06 INTERVENTIONS
 01
ABOUT THE
DISEASE
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an
infection in the female reproductive
system, including the uterus, fallopian
tubes, and ovaries.
 INTRODUCTION
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is mostly
brought on by sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs), such as gonorrhea and
chlamydia, in about 85% of cases.

PID affects women of all ages during their

reproductive years, despite the fact that it
is typically diagnosed in those between the
ages of 15 and 24.
 CAUSES OF THE DISEASE

85% 15%
STI NOT-STI
Commonly Bacterial
Commonly gonorrhea or 
vaginosis (BV)
chlamydia
 RISK FACTORS

1 GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES

2 SEXUALLY ACTIVE

3 DIAGNOSED WITH PID IN THE PAST

4 DOUCHING
PATHOLOGY
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
PELVIC OTHER
INFECTION: SYMPTOMS:
• usually begin with • fever, general
vaginal discharge, malaise, anorexia,
dyspareunia, nausea, headache,
dysuria, pelvic or and possibly
lower abdominal vomiting
pain, tenderness
that occurs after
menses and post
coital bleeding
 DIAGNOSTIC AND LABORATORY TEST:
There's no single test for diagnosing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Instead, the health care
provider will rely on a combination of findings from:

1 2 3

MEDICAL HISTORY SIGNS & PELVIC EXAM

Sexual habits, history of sexually
transmitted infections (STI) and
SYMPTOMS Check your pelvic region for tenderness and
swelling; use cotton swabs to take fluid
method of birth control. samples from your vagina and cervix
Tell about any symptoms you're
experiencing, even if they're mild
BLOOD AND
4 ULTRASOUND, MRI
URINE TESTS 5
TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY
used to test for pregnancy, HIV or other STI,
to know the WBC counts (leukocytosis These have been shown to be accurate
is present), Erythrocyte Sedimentation in diagnosis.
Rate (ESR) (will increase)
 If still unclear, additional
test includes:
1 2
Laparoscopy Endometrial biopsy
This procedure, Provider inserts a thin, lighted This procedure, Provider inserts a thin tube into
instrument through a small incision the uterus to remove a small sample of
in your abdomen to view your pelvic organs. endometrial tissue. The tissue is tested for signs
of infection and inflammation
 Medical Management:
• Indications for hospitalization include surgical emergencies,
• pregnancy, no clinical response to oral antimicrobial therapy,
• inability to follow or tolerate an outpatient oral regimen, severe
• illness and tubo-ovarian abscess (Brunham et al., 2015).

• Treatment of sexual partners is necessary to prevent reinfection.

• Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is prescribed, usually a

• combination of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), doxycycline, and
• metronidazole (Flagyl).
 Medical Management:
• Women are most often treated as outpatients and monitored
• carefully.

• Corticosteroids may be added to the antibiotic regimen to reduce

• inflammation, allowing for faster recovery and optimizing the
• chances for fertility.

• Surgery is needed for abscesses that do not resolve with IV

• antibiotics. The abscess may be drained by laparoscopy or
• laparotomy. In extreme cases of infection or severe chronic pelvic
• pain, a hysterectomy may be done
 Nursing Intervention:
• The nurse assesses for both the physical and emotional effects of PID.
• Assess the degree of abdominal pain to determine the effectiveness of drug
therapy.
• If the patient is hospitalized, the nurse prepares the patient for further
diagnostic evaluation and surgical intervention as prescribed.
• Accurate recording of vital signs, intake and output, and the characteristics
and amount of vaginal discharge is necessary as a guide to therapy.
• Adequate rest and a healthy diet are encouraged.
• The patient should abstain from intercourse for 3 weeks.
• Application of heat to the lower abdomen or sitz baths may improve
circulation and decrease pain. Bed rest in the semi-Fowler’s position
 CASE STUDY:
The patient presented with fever (39°C) and abdominal pain. Physical
examination showed signs compatible with acute abdomen syndrome and the
laboratory results demonstrated leucocytosis and a high ESR. The patient
reported that she was pregnant and had tried to perform an abortion using an
iron tool, three days previously. Pelvic US demonstrated bilateral solid adnexal
masses and a small volume of free fluid in the pouch of Douglas. In face of these
findings it was considered necessary to perform a pelvic MRI examination. The
MRI examination confirmed the US findings, showing a left adnexal mass with a
convolved aspect, measuring 10 cm. This was heterogeneous on T1-weighted
images and of medium intensity on T2-weighted images. A mass of the same
aspect was present on right-hand side. All the lesions showed high enhancement
of the wall after paramagnetic contrast administration. There was ascitic fluid in
the peritoneal cavity.
 REFERENCES
● Curlin, J. (2021, April 28). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: What is PID? | The
Fornix | Flex. The Fornix Blog by Flex®. https://blog.flexfits.com/what-is-
pelvic-inflammatory-disease/

● ‌ Eurorad.org. (2022). Eurorad - Brought to You by the ESR.

https://www.eurorad.org/case/1296

● ‌ Farid, H. (2020, October 7). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) | Causes &

Treatment | Buoy Health. Buoyhealth.com; Buoy Health, Inc.
https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/pelvic-inflammatory-
disease#prevention

● Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis &

Treatment. (2021, February 14). Clarewell Clinics.
https://clarewellclinics.co.uk/sti/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-pid/
 REFERENCES
● ‌ elvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Symptoms, Treatments & Causes.
P
(2020). Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9129-pelvic-inflammatory-
disease-pid

● Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic.

(2022). Mayoclinic.org;
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pelvic-inflammatory-
disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352600

● STD Facts - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. (2022).

https://www.cdc.gov/std/pid/stdfact-pid.htm#:~:text=What%20is%20PID
%3F,transmitted%20can%20also%20cause%20PID.