The Process of

Genetic Engineering
Think About!
What word comes in to your mind when you
heard or read the following words?
a. Gene
b. Engineering
c. Modification
d. DNA
e. Breeding
Gene/Genes
• Gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in
DNA or RNA that is located usually on a
chromosome and that is the functional unit of
inheritance.
• It controls the transmission and expression of
one or more traits.
Engineering
• The design and manufacture of complex products.
• The application of science and mathematics by which
the properties of matter and the sources of energy in
nature are made useful to people.
Modification
• The making of a limited change in something.
DNA
• Also known as Deoxyribonucleic acid,
• Any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular
basis of heredity.
• The genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents;
a double-stranded helical macromolecule consisting of
nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate
group, and the nitrogenous bases.
Breeding
• The action or process of bearing or generating of
(offspring) by hatching or gestation.
Assessment #1
• Identify the correct statement about genetic
engineering. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.

1. Genetic engineering is also called as genetic

modification.
Assessment
• Identify the correct statement about genetic engineering.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is
wrong.

2. Genetic engineering is an artificial manipulation,

modification, and recombination of DNA in order to
modify an organism.
Assessment
• Identify the correct statement about genetic
engineering. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.

3. Genetic engineering does not need or involve

techniques in cutting or joining genetic materials.
Assessment
• Identify the correct statement about genetic
engineering. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.

4. Genetic engineering comprises multiple processes

for the intention of manipulating genetic materials.
Assessment
• Identify the correct statement about genetic
engineering. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.

5. Genetic engineering involves the manipulation or

alteration of an organism’s genes using biometrics.
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 1: DNA Extraction
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 2: Gene Cloning
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 3: Gene Design
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 3: Gene Design
The Process of Genetic Engineering
Step 4: Transformation • The new gene is inserted into
some of the cells using
various techniques. Some of
the more common methods
include the gene gun,
agrobacterium, microfibers,
and electroporation.
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 4: Transformation
• The main goal of each of
these methods is to transport
the new gene(s) and deliver
them into the nucleus of a cell
without killing it.
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 4: Transformation
• Transformed plant cells are
then regenerated into
transgenic plants. The
transgenic plants are grown to
maturity in greenhouses and
the seed they produce, which
has inherited the transgene, is
collected.
The Process of Genetic Engineering
• Step 5: Backcross Breeding
• Transgenic plants are crossed
with elite breeding lines using
traditional plant breeding
methods to combine the
desired traits of elite parents
and the transgene into a single
line.
Assessment #2
• What is Recombinant DNA Technology?
• What are the steps involved in Recombinant DNA Technology?