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Exciting 2
 Types of
Communicative
Strategy
 Communicative
Strategy
Cohen (1990) states that
strategies must be used to
start and maintain a
conversation.
4
 Communicative
Strategy
Knowing and applying
grammar appropriately is
one of the most basic
strategies to maintain a
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 Communicative
Strategy
1. NOMINATION
A speaker carries out nomination to
collaboratively and productively
establish a topic. Basically, when you
employ this strategy, you try to open a
topic with the people you are talking
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 Communicative
Strategy
When beginning a topic in a
conversation, especially if it does not
arise from a previous topic, you may
start off with news inquiries and news
announcements as they promise
extended talk. 7
 Communicative
Strategy
Most importantly, keep the
conversational environment open for
opinions until the prior topic shuts
down easily and initiates a smooth
end. This could efficiently signal the
beginning of a new topic in the
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 Communicative
Strategy
2. RESTRICTION
Restriction in communication refers
to any limitation you may have as a
speaker.
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 Communicative
Strategy
When communicating in the
classroom, in a meeting, or while
hanging out with your friends, you are
typically given specific instructions
that you must follow. These
instructions confine you as a speaker
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 Communicative
Strategy
For example, in your class, you
might be asked by your teacher to
brainstorm on peer pressure or
deliver a speech on digital natives.
In these cases, you cannot decide
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 Communicative
Strategy
On the other hand, conversing with
your friends during ordinary days can
be far more casual than these examples.
Just the same, remember to always be
on point and avoid sideswiping from the
topic during the conversation to avoid
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 Communicative
Strategy
3. TURN-TAKING
Sometimes people are given
unequal opportunities to talk
because others take much time
during the conversation.
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 Communicative
Strategy
Turn-taking pertains to the
process by which people decide
who takes the conversational
floor.
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 Communicative
Strategy
There is a code of behavior
behind establishing and
sustaining a productive
conversation, but the primary
idea is to
15 give all
 Communicative
Strategy
Remember to keep your words
relevant and reasonably short
enough to express your views
or feelings. Try to be polite
even if you are trying to take
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 Communicative
Strategy
Do not hog the conversation and
talk incessantly without letting the
other party air out their own ideas.

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 Types of Communicative
Strategy
To acknowledge others, you may
employ visual signals like a nod, a
look, or a step back, and you could
accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as “What do you
think?” or “You wanted to say
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 Communicative
Strategy
4. TOPIC CONTROL
Topic control covers how
procedural formality or
informality affects the
development of
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topic in
 Communicative
Strategy
For example, in meetings, you
may only have a turn to speak
after the chairperson directs you to
do so.
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 Communicative
Strategy
Contrast this with a casual
conversation with friends over
lunch or coffee where you may
take the conversational floor
anytime. 21
 Communicative
Strategy
Remember that regardless of the
formality of the context, topic
control is achieved cooperatively.

22
 Communicative
Strategy
This only means that when a
topic is initiated, it should be
collectively developed by
avoiding unnecessary
interruptions and topic shifts.
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 Communicative
Strategy
You can make yourself actively
involved in the conversation without
overly dominating it by using minimal
responses like “Yes,” “Okay,” “Go on”;
asking tag questions to clarify
information briefly like “You are
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 Communicative
Strategy
5. TOPIC SHIFTING
Topic shifting, as the name
suggests, involves moving from one
topic to another. In other words, it is
where one part of a conversation ends
and where another begins.
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 Communicative
Strategy
When shifting from one topic to
another, you have to be very
intuitive. Make sure that the
previous topic was nurtured
enough to generate adequate
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 Communicative
Strategy
You may also use effective
conversational transitions to
indicate a shift like “By the way,”
“In addition to what you said,”
“Which reminds me of,” and the
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 Communicative
Strategy
6. REPAIR
Repair refers to how speakers
address the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that
they may encounter in a
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 Communicative
Strategy
For example, if everybody in the
conversation seems to talk at the
same time, give way and
appreciate other’s initiative to set
the conversation back to its topic.
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 Communicative
Strategy
Repair is the self-righting mechanism
in any social interaction (Schegloff et
al, 1977). If there is a problem in
understanding the conversation,
speakers will always try to address
and correct it. Although this is the
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 Communicative
Strategy
7. TERMINATION
Termination refers to the
conversation participants’ close-
initiating expressions that end a
topic in a conversation.
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 Communicative
Strategy
Most of the time, the topic
initiator takes responsibility to
signal the end of the discussion as
well.
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 Communicative
Strategy
Although not all topics may have
clear ends, try to signal the end of
the topic through concluding cues.
You can do this by sharing what
you learned from the conversation.
33
 Communicative
Strategy
Aside from this, soliciting
agreement from the other
participants usually completes
the discussion of the topic
meaningfully. 34
Any questions?

35
 ABSTRACTION
Let us recall the different
types of communicative
strategies. Can you give
one?
36
ASSESSMENT

37
 Quiz time!!!

1. I prefer that man’s worth is not measured by

the vast wealth he has but by how his heart is.
A. believe B. say
C. seem D. no revision

38
 Quiz time!!!

2. I seem to be poor and loved rather than to be

rich but hated.
A. feel B. maintain
C. prefer D. no revision

39
 Quiz time!!!

3. There is no doubt that material possessions

are useless when you lose your soul in acquiring
it.
A. I consider B. I feel
C. my take is D. no revision

40
 Quiz time!!!
4. Be proud if you live in a shanty but you remain
morally upright, because it is to the best of my
knowledge that your kingdom may not be in this
life, but in the next.
A. it is my belief B. it is my consideration
C. it is my point of view D. no revision

41
 Quiz time!!!

5. I maintain that it is not bad to dream as long

as you strive to reach whatever you want to
achieve.
A. I am convinced B. it is important to
note
C. more or less D. no revision
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 Quiz time!!!

6. There are rich people who tried to hide their

wealth and it seems that there are poor who
hide their poverty.
A. as far as B. it is questionable
C. it views D. no revision

43
 Quiz time!!!

7. I say that you can’t fully understand the

essence of being poor without experiencing it.
A. I maintain B. I think
C. I view D. no revision

44
 Quiz time!!!

8. To be born poor is not a choice, but to die

poorer is more or less a choice.
A. above all B. certainly
C. undoubtedly D. no revision

45
 Quiz time!!!

9. Above all those without visions as the poorest

of the poor.
A. certainly above B. I consider
C. of all D.no revision

46
 Quiz time!!!

10.The lack of aspiration, I consider, is worse

than being poor.
A. I am convinced B. I feel
C. in my opinion D. no revision

47
 ASSIGNMENT
Most of us love to share our thoughts on social media. Suppose that
you want to share your opinion about the lesson that you have learned
in this module. Assess your learning by completing the following
statements. Write your thoughts about what you have learned in this
lesson.

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49
 Criteria
Content 10 pts
Technicalities 5 pts
(grammar,
punctuation)
Neatness 5 pts
TOTAL 20 pts
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 Free templates for all your presentation needs

For PowerPoint and 100% free for personal or Ready to use, professional Blow your audience away
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 “
Quotations are commonly printed as a
means of inspiration and to invoke
philosophical thoughts from the reader.

52
Hello!
I am Jayden Smith
I am here because I love to give
presentations.
You can find me at:
@username

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 This is a slide title

▧ Here you have a list of items

▧ And some text
▧ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.

54
 You can also split your content

White
Is the color of milk and fresh
snow, the color produced by the
combination of all the colors of
the visible spectrum.
Black
Is the color of ebony and of
outer space. It has been the
symbolic color of elegance,
solemnity and authority.

55
 In two or three columns

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the clear Is the color of blood, and
butter and ripe lemons. In sky and the deep sea. It is because of this it has
the spectrum of visible located between violet historically been
light, yellow is found and green on the optical associated with sacrifice,
between green and spectrum. danger and courage.
orange.

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 Use charts to explain your ideas

Blue Green Yellow

57
Or use Diagrams to explain complex ideas
Lorem
ipsum

Lorem
ipsum
congue

Lorem Lorem
ipsum ipsum

58
 And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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 Maps

our office

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Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t you proud?

61
89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

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 Our process is easy

first second last

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 Let’s review some concepts

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been associated
yellow is found between green and and green on the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and courage.
orange.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been associated
yellow is found between green and and green on the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and courage.
orange.

64
You can copy&paste graphs from Excel or Google Sheets

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Tablet project
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or software projects using these
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 Place your screenshot here

Desktop project
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 Credits

Special thanks to all the people who made and released

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 Presentation design
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 SlidesCarnival icons are editable shapes.

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