INTRODUCTION TO

TRANSPORT SERVICES PRELIM/HMPE1

CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
TOURISM TRANSPORT
CHAPTER’S OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this chapter, learners are expected
to;
 Identify the major modes of transportation for
tourism, their role in the industry and their
competitive advantages and disadvantages
 Elucidate the importance of transportation used
worldwide
FIRST, LET’S DEFINE
TOURISM..
International definitions
- International Union of Official Travel Organization (IUOTO)
- Organization for Economics Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Travel Industry Association (TIA) of America
- Canadian Travel Survey from Canada
- National Tourist Boards of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland from the UK
- Australian Bureau of Industry Economics

However….
ACCORDING TO COOPER
(2012)
Tourism has not only been defined from both a demand and
supply side perspective, but that both conceptual and technical
approaches have been taken. While conceptual supply side
definitions of tourism exist, the diverse and fragmented nature
of tourism makes it difficult to define and hence measure.
More specifically, tourism is not only seen as an amalgamation
of industries (including transportation, accommodation, food
and beverage services, recreation and entertainment, and travel
retail) but the degree to which companies cater to tourists or
other consumers also varies extensively.
A visitor is a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her
usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business,
leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident
entity in the country or place visited. These trips taken by visitors qualify as
tourism trips. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors.
3 CATEGORIES OF TOURISM
 DOMESTIC TOURISM
 INCOMING/ INBOUND TOURISM
 OUTGOING/ OUTBOUND TOURISM
CATEGORIZATION OF TOURISM
(UNWTO, 2010)
 Internal tourism: comprises domestic tourism plus inbound tourism, that is to
say, the activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of
reference as part of domestic or international tourism trips.
 National tourism: comprises domestic tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to
say, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference,
either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips.
 International tourism: comprises inbound tourism plus outbound tourism, that
is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either
as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident
visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips.
TOURISM
TRANSPORTAT
ION
 We have ascertained that transport is an inherent part of
tourism. Now it must be noted that either it can play a functional
or utilitarian role, such as the transport between origin and
destination (flight on a leisure carrier, for example) or within the
destination (such as an itinerary trip on a local bus) where the
travel is merely a means to an end; or it can play a key role in the
holiday experience itself. Those roles can range from the
transportation type as a tourist attraction (such as biking, hiking or
hot-air ballooning, for example) to providing the essential
component of the tourism product where the transportation type is
the actual holiday setting (such as in a cruise vacation or travelling
along scenic and/or historic routes) (Lumsdon and Page,
2004,2009; Lohmann and Duval,2011).
Lohmann and Duval (2011) illustrate the functional form of tourism transport
between the origin and the destination, within the various destinations visited,
and between the different destinations visited during a holiday trip in Fig. 1.3.
Furthermore, Lumsdon and Page (2004) Address the different
tourism transport experiences based on their level of intrinsic
value. They describe a tourism transport continuum in terms of
its level of intrinsic value as a tourism experience, where travel
using a taxi, urban bus or metro system is classified as having
low intrinsic value compared with a walking or cycling holiday
or a heritage railway vacation which is classified as having high
intrinsic value. A similar differentiation is made by Page (2009)
3 CATEGORIES OF
TRANSPORTATION
The different means of transport are used to
different degrees by both tourists and non-
tourist consumers. Hence, usually tourists
use leisure flights to holiday regions,
sightseeing buses, and cruise ships, while
city buses, trans and scheduled flights are
more likely to be used to different extents
by both non residents and local residents
(Page, 2009).
 A look at the historical development of transportation modes shows that the
proliferation of many new forms of passenger transport also spurred the leisure
demand. Examples include bicycles or motorcycles as recreational equipment, or
the encouragement of early tourism development in the Alps through rack/cog
railways and cable cars.

However, recreation and tourism are not only pioneers of new transportation
forms, but also prevent some transportation forms from dying out. For example,
many historical modes of transport, including horses, horse-drawn carriages,
balloons, canoes, sailboats, trolleys, or even rafts, have survived as recreational
pastimes or are utilized as a tourism product although they are no longer used as
an everyday or regular mode of passenger transport. Moreover, through
technological advances and innovations some recreational forms of transport
have in fact enjoyed a revived interest and use. Examples include powered
sailboats or mountain bikes (Heinze and Kill, 1997).
FIGURE 1.3. TRANSPORT LINKING TO, FROM
AND WITHIN DESTINATIONS. FROM
LOHMANN AND DUVAL, 2011, P.5
MODES OF
TRANSPORTATION
AND THEIR
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
 The term ‘modes of transportation is utilized to differentiate between various ways of
Transportation or transporting goods or people. The multiple modes of transport include
water, air, rail, road, and pipeline.

The field can be parted into vehicles, operations, and infrastructure. Modes of
Transportation are essential as it facilitates commerce between people, which is crucial
for the progress of the human civilization

Mode of Transportation, also called transportation mode, alludes to different ways by

which individuals or goods are transported from one district location to another through
air, sea, or land. There are also other available modes which include pipelines (for oil or
gas transportation), space (satellite), and cable (energy supply, internet).

Each mode of transportation has primarily different technological solution, and some
need a different environment. Each method has its transport in India operators,
infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.
DISADVATAGES
Each mode of transportation has its disadvantages, so we have added few
drawbacks to the five primary methods of Transportation.
•ROAD TRANSPORTATION

1. ACCIDENTS AND BREAKDOWNS – There are a high risk of

breakdowns and accidents in the instance of road transport, due to which it
is not a safe or predictable option.
2. VULNERABLE TO SEASON AND WEATHER – It is very susceptible
to weather conditions and seasonal changes or, in the case of natural
calamities such as floods or heavy rains.
3. NOT BEST FOR HEAVY CARGO AND LONG DISTANCES – It is
not very appropriate for transporting heavy cargo over long distances,
DISADVANTAGES
•RAIL TRANSPORTATION

1. HUGE CAPITAL OUTLAY – Rail transportation needs a considerable

investment of capital. The funds for building, sustaining, and hanging
expenses are enormous compared to other modes of Transportation.
2. CENTRALLY ADMINISTRATED – Being the public utility service, rail
transportation has a monopoly, and there is centralized administration, so
the authorities fail to meet the personal needs of the people as compared to
roadways.
3. NO RURAL SERVICES – It cannot be operated economically in rural
areas due to substantial capital needs and traffic, which causes much
inconvenienced to the people living in rural areas.
DISADVANTAGES
•WATER TRANSPORTATION

1.RISKIER – It is more dangerous than other modes of

transport as there is always the danger of sinking boats
or ships.
2.SLOW SPEED – It is a quiet mode of transport. Failure
of monsoon might result in the fall of rivers’ water level,
making navigating the ship or boat difficult.
DISADVANTAG
ES
•AIR TRANSPORT

1. VERY EXPENSIVE – It is the costliest mode of

Transportation. The fare of transport is very high, which is
difficult to afford for the ordinary person.
2. UNRELIABLE AND UNCERTAIN – Air transport is not very
reliable and is unsure as it is controlled mainly by weather
conditions. Fog, snow, or other unfavorable weather conditions
might cause suspension of air service or cancellation of
scheduled flights.
3. SPECIALIZED SKILLS NEEDED – Air transportation
DISADVANTAGES
•PIPELINE

1.LEAKAGE – If there is a leakage, the repairing has to

be done as soon as possible, so you can’t desert leakage.
2.HIGH INITIAL COST – The cost of construction and
laying of pipelines is high.
3.SECURITY – The security of pipeline transportation is
complex.
ADVANTAGES
Each mode of Transportation has its advantages, so we have added a few benefits
of the four primary methods of Transportation

• ROAD TRANSPORTATION

1. FLEXIBLE SERVICE – For road transportation, timings and routes can be tuned
and changed to suit individual requirements easily, this gives road Transportation a
great advantage over all different vehicles.

2. DOOR-TO-DOOR ASSITANCE – The best benefit of road transportation that

makes it the salvation of the transport industry is its character to offer door-to-door
services from destination to destination or warehouse to warehouse.

3. SERVICE IN RURAL AREAS – It is most adaptable and flexible with reach into
the most remote areas that are not accessible by rail, air, or water.
ADVANTA
GES
•RAIL TRANSPORTATION

1. HIGH-SPEED COVERING HUGE RANGES – Its speed over

long ranges is higher than any distinct modes to transport (aside from
airways). Therefore, it is the best choice for long-distance traffics.
2. DEPENDABLE – It is the most reliable mode of transport as it is
least affected by weather conditions compared to other methods.
3. SUITABLE FOR HEAVY AND BULKY GOODS – It is
economical, and faster, and best suited for bulky and heavy goods
transportation over huge distances.
ADVANTAGE
S
•WATER TRANSPORTATION
1.HELPFUL IN DEFENCE – For the vigorous defense
of the country, the development of shipping is vital as it
is known as the second line of defense.
2.ESSENTIAL FOR FOREIGN TRADE – Water
transportation plays a critical role in foreign trade as
many countries depend mainly on water transportation
for foreign trading, such as India.
 ADVANTAGE
S
•AIR TRANSPORTATION

1.RAPID SPEED – Among all the modes of transportation, air

transportation is the fastest.
2.UNBROKEN JOURNEY – Air transportation offers an unbroken journey
over sea and land, due to which it can take you from one distinct
destination to another quickest.
3.CAN OPERATE FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES – It can operate even
when every other means of transport can’t due to floods or other natural
calamities. So at that time, it is the only mode of Transportation that can be
employed to do the relief work and offer the essential commodities of life.
ADVANTAGES
•PIPELINE

1.LOW MAINTENANCE COST – Both the maintenance

and operation cost is meager.
2.LESS ENERGY REQUIREMENT – The consumption
of energy is deficient.
3.LESS RATE OF DELAYS – The losses of carrying
mineral oil and natural gas and delays are minimized
with a pipeline system.
THE ROLE OF
TRANSPORTATION IN
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Transportation has been an integral part of the tourism industry,
transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions. There is a
general agreement that tourism expands more with better transportation
systems. In many parts of the world, tourism has been underperforming
compared to the natural heritage the country is endowed with. One of the
things mentioned as underperformance is poor transportation systems.
Transportation needs for tourism promotion and tourism development,
among others, are the maintenance of the existing roads, construction of
more roads/rail track/sea and air transportation, construction of local
airports, and enhancement of local flight operations. And established that
security and safety in transportation systems are not bad though tourists
consider transportation costs high. Tourism development could be even
bigger if more could be done in various elements of transportation systems.
All its stakeholders need to take part to develop tourism in their regions.
(The government and other stakeholders of tourism).
 The tourism sector is one of the main important sectors
of the economy. Many countries take advantage of
covering the budget deficit with the help of profits
coming from tourism. That is why tourism sometimes is
called a factory without a chimney. But tourism has its
unique features that differentiate this sector from the
others. Like in the other service industries, in tourism, the
customers, that is, the tourists, come to the destination
where the tourism services are provided. It isn't easy to
think of the tourism sector without transportation.
Transportation is the main means to carry passengers, that
is, the tourists, to the actual site where tourism services
are performed.
 The development of transportation, vehicles,
infrastructure and using new technologies in this sector
speed up tourism development. If we pay attention to the
statistics of the World Tourism Organization, we may see
that the tourism dynamics have changed and increased
rapidly between 2005 and 2015. In 2010 international
tourist arrivals rose to 940 million. This, in turn, brought
the economies $980 billion. Different factors can explain
this trend. But the main important factor here is the rapid
development of the transportation sector and the
application of technological innovations which enable the
tourists to reach many destinations of the world.
 Whether transportation plays an important role in enriching the travel
experience of a tourist depends on the mode of transport and the frequency of
use. Carrier can turn into a separate tourist attraction element; cruising, Orient
Express trains, boat trips along the river, etc., are the best examples of tourist
attractions. The effective factors in choosing the transportation mode in
tourism are given below (Westlake and Robbins 2005, 463):
o Time limit
o Distance
o Status
o Comfort
o Security
o Benefit
o Price
o Geographical position
o Competition
 An increase in traffic due to world tourism growth puts pressure on
transportation facilities, which can have adverse effects. Those negative
effects are as follows (Goeldner and Ritchie 2012, 96).
• Congestion – means delays which leads to waste of time and energy.
Serious congestions may have a negative effect on transportation modes,
especially on airports and roads during peak times.
• Safety and security – ensuring that the transportation mode is safe and
secure is a basic and important requirement for tourism.
• Environment – an increase in traffic may have a disastrous effect on
the environment if that area does not have the carrying capacity for
additional tourists.
• Seasonality – seasonal patterns of travel demand create overcrowding
at certain times. Adversely low occupancies and load factors will occur
at other periods.
AIR TRANSPORT
One of the most important transportation modes in tourism
is air travel. Air travel has made significant changes in
people's minds concerning time and distance. Airlines spend
billions of dollars and apply new technological innovations
to meet the demand, which increases every day. With a
matchless role in long distances, the air travel industry
develops rapidly. The world's airline industry numbers
1,629 airlines, 27,271 aircraft, 3,733 airports, 29.6 million
scheduled departures a year, and carries 2.7 billion
passengers a year. The major airliner is making companies
that share the market Airbus and Boeing.
AUTOMOBILE
TRANSPORTATION
In short distances, automobile transportation comes
forward regarding other modes of transportation.
Automobile transportation makes it easy to see local
culture and nations. It presents great flexibility in
contrast to different modes of transportation (Oter,
2007). The importance of this mode in tourism is also
very important. Compared with the prices in air
transportation, this mode of transportation is frequently
used by tourists because of low prices. But the main
factor affecting this choice is time and distance.
RAILWAY
TRANSPORTATION
The other mode that affects tourism is railway
transportation. This type of transportation is considered the
oldest one. In the 19th century, railways were frequently
used. But nowadays application of technology and
technological innovation gave birth to fast trains, which
compete with air and automobile transportation modes.
Currently, in many countries, railways are used to transport
loads. The reason for this is tourist choice of air or
automobile transportation. But there exist such railroads that
have been included in touristic packages. For example, we
can give Orient Express railways.
SEA
TRANSPORTA
TIONHere may include cruise travel, boat travel, yachting, ferry travel, etc. Cruise
travel has a special place in tourism. In table 3, we can see the world and North
America's growing trend for cruise travel. We can infer that cruise travel has been
much more developed in North America from the table. The cruise ships named
sailing hotels provide tourists with indispensable travel opportunities. While
travelling by cruise ship, the tourists can see several countries at a time. This type
of transportation is one the most expensive because a cruise ship's price exceeds
$100 million. More than thousands of employees work in a cruise ship at a time,
may see that in cruise travel from North/south Americans to Asia, Europe and
Middle East companies gained great successes.
All the stated issues prove the importance of transportation in tourism. As
mentioned above, the tourist's travel experience starts and ends with the vehicle.
In this sense, if the countries want to gain sustainable development of the tourism
sector, they must pay attention to the transportation sector, reduce monopoly in
this sector, provide good competition opportunities for the companies.
 To sum up, to develop and increase the role of transportation in tourism the
countries should pay attention to the following points:
 The transportation modes specific to the regions must be developed
 The transportation costs must always be kept competitive
 The passengers must be attracted to sea and railway modes of transportation
 New embarkation ports must be established to develop cruise travel
 New fast train lines must be established, and new fast trains must be bought, and
foreign experience must be applied
 The distance from stations must be kept less
 New coaches must be brought to the country
 New technologically advanced aircraft must be put into airlines
 The personnel must be trained
 The governments should allocate financial support for the development of
transportation
QUIZ
CHAPTER 2: AIR TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER’S OBJECTIVES:
•To familiarize the history and origins of air transportation
•To classify the different modes of air transportation used
worldwide
•To familiarize the different flight and aviation terminologies
•To familiarize on the role of IATA and ICAO
•To determine the classification and codes of airline in the
Philippines
HISTORY OF AIR
TRANSPORT
PEOPLE INVOLVED IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
AIR TRANSPORTATION
LEONARDO DA VINCI
- Italian inventor
- Is credited with designing
early ancestors of the airplane
that was based from the flying
structure of birds.
- He also is credited from
designing parachutes and an
early version of the propeller
design.
ORHITHOPTER
• 1783 - Breakthrough of Aviation
• 19th Century - Gliders became more
well-developed
 JOHN
STRINGFELLOW
(1848)
First Steam-powered flying machine
 LAWRENCE HARGRAVE
Compressed Air
- In 1889 he built the
compressed air engine powered
by an arrangement of three
rotating cylinders which was
one of the great inventions of his
career. From 1893 Hargrave
began the investigations which
led him to his second great
invention, the box kite.
SAMUEL
PIERPONT
LANGLEY
Aerodrone
- The Langley Aerodrome was a
pioneering but unsuccessful
manned, tandem wing-
configuration powered flying
machine, designed at the close of
the 19th century by Smithsonian
Institution Secretary Samuel
Langley.
WRIGHT BROTHERS
Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912)
 WRIGHT FLYER (1903)
- HEAVIER- THAN- AIR
- 120 FEET IN 12
SECONDS
- FIRST PASSENGER’ S
DEATH IN THE
HISTORY OF AVIATION
PLANES DURING WORLD WAR
1
Pusher Biplanes Tractor Biplanes
DURING WORLD WAR
Different kinds of innovations of plane occurred,
like:
 Wood plane to aluminum plane
 AIRMAIL was also invented, as well as the;
 TRANSCONTINENTAL FLIGHTS
FIRST ROUND-THE-WORLD-
TRIP (1924)
Jet Rocket Propulsion Radar Technology
BOIENG & LOCKHEED
- In the year 1945, Boieng and
Lockheed became the largest
aircraft manufacturer in the
world.
- 1945 - sound barrier was
broken and regular transceanic
flights became a reality within
two years
 B-52
- 1950s
- A strategic bomber with eight
turbo-jets engines intercontinental
range and a capacity of half a
million pounds
LEAR JET
- 1963
- Small jet aircraft
 REVOLUTIONARY 747
- With a wingspan of 196 feet, a
length of 231 feet and a height of 63
feet, the 747 towered over other
passenger planes when it rolled off
the assembly line. The original 747
had a top speed of 595 miles per
hour and was powered by four
massive Pratt & Whitney turbofan
engines capable of over 40,000
pounds of thrust.
1970
SUPERSONIC CONCORDE AIRBUS
LOCKHEED MARTIN’S F-117
STEALTH FIGHTERS
TYPES OF RAIL TRANSPORT
1.Commercial airplanes
2.Helicopters
3.Private Planes
4.Blimps
5.Gliders
6.Hang Gliders
7.Zeppelin
8.Parachute
COMMERCIAL
PLANES
(COMMERCIAL
Commercial
AIRPLANE) Flights ‘a flight that is
carrying paying passengers’
• DOMESTIC FLIGHTS
- First Class
- Economy Class
• INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS
- First Class
- Club Class
- Business Class
- Premium Economy and Economy Class
DOMESTIC FLIGHTS
INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT
HELICOPTERS
A helicopter is an aircraft that is
lifted and propelled by one or more
horizontal rotors, each rotor
consisting of two or more motor
blades.
PRIVATE PLANES
Also called as ‘business jet’,
‘private jet’, or ‘bizjet’
BLIMPS
Non-rigid airships are often
called "blimps". Most, but not
all, of the American Goodyear
airships have been blimps. A
non-rigid airship relies entirely
on internal gas pressure to
retain its shape during flight.
Unlike the rigid design, the
non-rigid airship's gas envelope
has no compartments
GLIDERS
(SAIL PLANE)
A special kind of aircraft that has no
engine
ROCKET
(SPACE VEHICLE OR MISSILE)
A vehicle that uses jet propulsion to
accelerate without using the surrounding
air
ZEPPELIN
- Were first used during Word War to
deploy bomb.
PARACHUTE
A device that slows the vertical descent
of a body falling through the atmosphere
or the velocity of a body moving
horizontally.
CATEGORIES OF AIR
TRANSPORT
Within aviation, airlines are generally grouped into
three categories:
1. Legacy (network) airlines
2. Low-Cost Carries (LCCs)
3. Ultra-Low-Cost Carries (ULCCs)
LEGACY AIRLINE (NETWORK
AIRLINES)
In the US, this means in the
United States, is an airline that
had established interstate routes
before the beginning of the
route liberalization which was
permitted by the Airline
Deregulation Act of 1978, and
was thus directly affected by
that act.
Airline Deregulation Act is a 1978 United
States federal law that deregulated the airline
industry in the United States, removing federal
control over such areas as fares, routes, and
market entry of new airlines.
Example:
- Cebu Pacific (Philippines)
- KLM (Europe)
- Delta (US)
LOW-COST CARRIES (LCC’S)
- an airline that has a no-frills approach ADVANTAGES:
to its fare structure.
- Cheaper
- Southwest Aielines is the world’s
largest low-cost carrier. - Cheap Parking

- In the Phillipines, Cebu Pacific is the - Sightseeing

leading budget airline. DISADVANTAGES
- Service
- Distance Airport to City
- Extra Cost
ULTRA-LOW-COST CARRIES
(ULCC’S)
- Is an airline that operates with a low cost business models.
- “no-frills”
- Offer lower price than other competing legacy competitors
- In the US, Allegiant Air, and Spirit Airlines have been most
commonly reffered to as Ultra-low-cost carriers, with Frontier
Airlines repositioning as ultra low-cost in 2015.
TYPE OF
AIRLINES
I. MAJOR
AIRLINES/INTERNATIONAL
AIRLINES
II.NATIONAL AIRLINE
III.REGIONAL AIRLINE
i. SCHEDULED AIRLINE
ii. CHARTER AIRLINE
iii.BUDGET AIRLINE
MAJORITY
AIRLINES/INTERNATIONAL
AIRLINE Cebu Pacific group is considered the biggest
airline in the Philippines which has a 61%
market share, followed by the Philippine Airlines
group which has 29%, followed by Air Asia,
having 9% share.
NATIONAL AIRLINES
Air transportation services
owned and operated by
national government.
Philippine Airlines, Inc. PAL,
also known historically as
Philippine Air Lines, is the
flag carrier and national
airline of the Philippines.
REGIONAL AIRLINES
i. Scheduled Flights
ii. Charter Airline
• Regional Airlines provide passenger
air service to communities that lack iii. Budget Airline
sufficient demand for major airline
services.
• Fly aircraft between 50 and 76
seats.
• “operated by” “doing business as”
TYPE OF AIRLINES IN
THE PHILIPPINES AND
THEIR
CLASSIFICATION
ASWELL AS THEIR
ROUTES
SCHEDULED AIRLINE
CEBU PACIFIC
- IATA (5J)
- ICAO (CEB)
- FOUNDED (1988)
SCHEDULED AIRLINE
PAN PACIFIC AIRLINES
- IATA (8Y)
- ICAO (AAV)
- FOUNDED (1973)
SCHEDULED AIRLINE
PHILIPPINE AIRLINES
- IATA (PR)
- ICAO (PAL)
- FOUNDED (1930)
SCHEDULED AIRLINE
PHILIPPINE AIR ASIA
- IATA (Z2)
- ICAO (APG)
- FOUNDED (2010)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
AIR JUAN
- IATA (AO)
- ICAO (N/A)
- FOUNDED (2012)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
AIR SWIFT
- IATA (T6)
- ICAO (ATX)
- FOUNDED (2002)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
ALPHALAND AVIATION
- IATA (N/A)
- ICAO (BIC)
- FOUNDED (2015)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
CEBGO
- IATA (DG)
- ICAO (SQR)
- FOUNDED (1995)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
PAL EXPRESS
- IATA (2P)
- ICAO (GAP)
- FOUNDED (1995)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
ROYAL AIR PHILIPPINES
- IATA (RW)
- ICAO (RYL)
- FOUNDED (2002)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
SKY JET AIRLINES
- IATA (M8)
- ICAO (MSJ)
- FOUNDED (2005)
REGIONAL AIRLINE
SKY PASADA
- IATA (SP)
- ICAO (WCC)
- FOUNDED (2010)
CHARTER AIRLINE
AIR LINK ASIAN AEROSPACE
INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
AIRWAYS - IATA (N/A)
- IATA (N/A) - ICAO (N/A)
- ICAO (N/A) - FOUNDED (1996)
- FOUNDED (1983)
CHARTER AIRLINE
CYCLONE AIRWAYS INAEC
- IATA (N/A) - IATA (N/A)
- ICAO (N/A) - ICAO (N/A)
- FOUNDED (1996) - FOUNDED (1993)
CHARTER AIRLINE
ISLAND AVIATION INC.
- IATA (SP)
- ICAO (SOY)
- FOUNDED (2003)
CHARTER AIRLINE
LIONAIR NORTH SKY AIR
- IATA (N/A) - IATA (N/A)
- ICAO (N/A) - ICAO (N/A)
- FOUNDED (2011) - FOUNDED (2010)
CHARTER AIRLINE
PACIFICIAR PACIFIC GLOBAL ONE
- IATA (N/A) AVIATION COMPANY INC
- ICAO (N/A) - IATA (N/A)

- FOUNDED (1974) - ICAO (N/A)

- FOUNDED (2011)
CHARTER AIRLINE
PLATINUM SKIES PHILJETS AERO SERVICES
- IATA (N/A) INC.
- ICAO (N/A) - IATA (N/A)

- FOUNDED (2017) - ICAO (N/A)

- FOUNDED (2012)
CHARTER AIRLINE
SEAir INTERNATIONAL
- IATA (XO)
- ICAO (SGD)
- FOUNDED (2012)
CHARTER AIRLINE
SUBIC SEAPLANE SUNIGHT AIR
- IATA (N/A) - IATA (ST)
- ICAO (N/A) - ICAO (SEA)
- FOUNDED (N/A) - FOUNDED (2020)
CHARTER AIRLINE
PSI AIR 2007 2GO
- IATA (ST) - IATA (PR)
- ICAO (PHP) - ICAO (BOI)
- FOUNDED (2016) - FOUNDED (1988)
3 TYPES OF AIR
SERVICE
I. Express Air Service
II. Standard Air Service
III.Deffered Air Service
EXPRESS AIR SERVICE
Express air service means - “Air Couriers”
your cargo is hoping on a
flight straight to its THREE MAJOR GROUPS
destination. No funny business
in-between. Essentially, with 1. Combi Aircraft
express air service you are
guaranteed that your air cargo
2. Cargo Aircraft
will be loaded on a plane that 3. Super Transporter
will only be making one stop
– the destination airport.
STANDARD AIR SERVICE
While on occasion, a standard air service may fly
direct to destination, it usually includes one or two stops
along the way. These stops are meant for sake of
deconsolidating and reconsolidating cargo. While
Standard air service tends to be a bit slower than express
air service, it’s still a fast mode of shipping.
DEFFERED AIR
SERVICE
The last, and cheapest type of air service is
“deferred air service”. As you might imagine, deferred
air service is the same thing for more stops. This is
convenient for air carriers as they can count on large
bulks of air cargo shipments being shipped from main
airports to their various smaller airports. This keeps
airport congestion low at their main airport and defers
the work to smaller cargo aircrafts down the line.
AIR TRANSPORT
ORGANIZATION
IATA
- Is a non-governmental organization
representing the airline industry, with
members covering some 241 airlines
comprising 84% of total air traffic.
IATA provides a standard approach
for cargo facilitation to comply with
government regulations requiring the
provision of cargo information.
ICAO
- Is an intergovernmental specialized agency
associated with the United Nations (UN).
Established in 1947 by the Convention on
International Civil Aviation (1944), which had
been signed by 52 states three years earlier in
Chicago, the ICAO is dedicated to developing
safe and efficient international air transport for
peaceful purposes and ensuring a reasonable
opportunity for every state to operate
international airlines. The organization’s
permanent headquarters are in Montreal.
AIRPORTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
INTERNATIONAL AND MAJOR
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
• Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport • Clark Airport
IATA Code - MNL IATA Code - CRK
• Mactan-Cebu Airport • Puerto Princesa Airport
IATA Code - CEB IATA Code - PPS
• Iloilo Airport • Laguindingan Airport
IATA Code - ILO IATA Code - CGY
• Davao Airport • Bacolod-Silay Airport
IATA Code - DVO IATA Code - BCD
INTERNATIONAL AND MAJOR
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
• Tacloban City Airport • General Santos Airport
IATA Code - TAC IATA Code - GES
• Kalibo Airport • Boracay Airport
IATA Code - KLO IATA Code - MPH
• Zamboanga Airport
IATA Code - ZAM
• Bohol-Panglao Airport
IATA Code - TAG
DOMESTIC PHILIPPINE
AIRPORT
• Bancasi Airport / Butuan Airport (BXU) • Francisco B. Reyes Airport / Busuanga
- Passengers: 750.000
Airport (USU)

- Airline(s): Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines - Passengers: 670.000

- Nearby city(s): Surigao, Gingoog, Bayugan - Airline(s): Cebu Pacific, Philippine
Airlines, Air Juan
• Sibulan Airport / Dumaguete Airport
(DGT) - Nearby city(s): Coron
- Passengers: 700.000 • Legazpi Airport (LGP)
- Airline(s): Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines, - Passengers: 570.000
Philippines AirAsia
- Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express
- Nearby city(s): Siquijor, Dumaguete, Bais
- Nearby city(s): Sorsogon, Donsol, Mayon
Volcano Natural Park
DOMESTIC PHILIPPINE
AIRPORT
• Tuguegarao Airport (TUG) • Sayak Airport / Siargao Airport
(IAO)
- Passengers: 380.000
- Passengers: 330.000
- Airline(s): Cebu Pacific
- Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express
- Nearby city(s): Isabela, Santa Ana
- Nearby city(s): General Luna, Dapa,
• Labo Airport / Ozamiz Airport Sugba Lagoon
(OZC)
• Roxas Airport (RXS)
- Passengers: 330.000
- Passengers: 300.000
- Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express
- Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express
- Nearby city(s): Pagadian City
- Nearby city(s): Bancal Port, Kalibo
DOMESTIC PHILIPPINE
AIRPORT
• Cotabato Airport / Awang Airport (CBO) • Cauayan Airport (CYZ)
- Passengers: 290.000 - Passengers: 220.000
- Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express - Airline(s): Cebu Pacific
• Nearby city(s): Asik Asik Falls,
Midsayap
- Nearby city(s): Tuguegarao, Santiago

Dipolog Airport (DPL) • Pagadian Airport (PAG)

- Passengers: 280.000 - Passengers: 190.000
- Airline(s): Cebu Pacific, PAL Express - Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express
- Nearby city(s): Dakak Beach Resort, - Nearby city(s): Ozamiz City
Dapitan City
DOMESTIC PHILIPPINE
AIRPORT
Laoag Airport (LAO) • Sanga-Sanga Airport (TWT)
- Passengers: 150.000 - Passengers: 120.000
- Airline(s): PAL Express - Airline(s): Cebu Pacific, PAL Express
- Nearby city(s): Vigan, Pagudpud, Fort - Nearby city(s): Tawi-Tawi
Ilocandia
Basco Airport (BSO)
- Passengers: 150.000
- Airline(s): Cebgo, PAL Express, SkyJet
- Nearby city(s): Ivana Port, Sabtang Island
SMALLER PHILIPPINE
AIRPORTS
• Naga Airport – IATA Code – WNP
• San Jose Airport – IATA Code – SJI
• Antique Airport – IATA Code – EUQ
• Calbayog Airport – IATA Code – CYP
• Camiguin Airport – IATA Code – CGM
• Catarman Airport – IATA Code – CRM
• Marinduque Airport – IATA Code – MRQ
• Virac Airport – IATA Code – VRC
• Surigao Airport – IATA Code – SUG
• Masbate Airport – IATA Code – MBT
• San Vicente Airport – IATA Code – SWL