ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

-Grade 11th-
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• What is direct speech?

Direct speech is a form of sentence which is used to report

something that being said.
Marco said “I have a new Math teacher.”
• What is indirect speech/reported speech?

Indirect speech/reported speech is a form of sentence which is

used to report something that being said without quoting them
explicitly as a direct speech.
Marco said that he had a new Math teacher.
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present

Simple Past

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Will

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Will

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past Past Perfect

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Will

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past Past Perfect

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Will

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past Past Perfect

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Past Perfect

Will

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past Past Perfect

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Past Perfect Past Perfect

Will

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past Past Perfect

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Past Perfect Past Perfect

Will Would

Can
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
• When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, we HAVE TO
change the verb tense in the “quotation marks”.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present Simple Past

Simple Past Past Perfect

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Past Perfect Past Perfect

Will Would

Can Could
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

1.He said that he was hungry.

1.He said “I am hungry.”
2.He said that Metta was his
2.He said “Metta is my new
new friend.
friend.”
3.He said that they were
3.He said “They are excited to
excited to join the
join the competition.”
competition.

Simple Simple
Present Past
1.Mita said “He teaches me 1.Mita said that he taught
how to drive patiently.” her how to drive patiently.
2.They said “We study 2.They said that they studied
English every Monday with English every Monday with
Mr. Orin.” Mr. Orin.

Simple Simple
Present Past
 Marco said that he had taken
Marco said “I took an umbrella
an umbrella for his
for my grandmother last
grandmother the previous
night.”
night.

Simple Past
Past Perfect
Father said “Marry is Father said that Marry
cooking a banana was cooking a banana
pancake.” pancake.

Present Past
Continuous Continuous
 My mother said that
My mother said “Jerry
Jerry had gone to
has gone to Surabaya for
Surabaya for three
three weeks.”
weeks.

Present Past
Perfect Perfect
Teacher said “They had Teacher said that they
been there before it had been there before it
happened.” happened.

Past Past
Perfect Perfect
 Kayla said “My father Kayla said that her
will buy a bicycle for my father would buy a
birthday.” bicycle for her birthday.

Will Would
 Rita said that she
Rita said “I can draw a
could draw a very
very beautiful flower.”
beautiful flower.

Can Could
Time in reported speech
• Now -> then/at the moment
• Today/tonight -> that day/that night
• Tomorrow -> next day/the following day
• Next week/month/year -> the following week/month/year
• Yesterday -> the day before/the previous day
• Last week/month/year -> the previous week/month/year
• … ago -> … before
Keyla asked
“Do you all
like to play?”
Keyla asked if/whether
we all liked to play or
not.
Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Statement
Angel said, “I want to be a teacher.”
Angel said that she wanted to be a teacher.
2. Yes/No Question
Susan asked Angel, “Do you want to be a teacher?”
Susan asked Angel if/whether she wanted to be a teacher or not.
3. Imperative
Roy asked Marco, “Close the door please!”
Roy asked Marco to close the door.
4. WH Questions
Joy asked Amy, “Why do you ask me to close the door?”
Joy asked Amy why he asked him to close the door.
Exercise (question)
1. “It is so ugly.” / “What did he say?”
2. “She bought two books.” / “What did they tell you?”
3. “She has no feeling at all!” / “What did they say?”
4. “Could you please spare some food?” / “What did she ask?”
5. “Come in and get warm! I’ve plenty of food in my pantry.” /
“What did he ask you?”
Exercise (answer)
1. He said that it was so ugly.
2. They told me that she had bought two books.
3. They said that she had no feeling at all.
4. She asked if/whether I could spare some food.
5. He asked me to come and get warm because he had plenty
of food in his pantry.