Judiciary

By
Gurdeep Singh
 Topic
Contents Indian Judiciary

Contents
•Introduction
Introduction
•Supreme Court and its Jurisdiction
Supreme Court
•Roles & Functions of Supreme Court and its Jurisdiction

•Jurisdiction of High Court & Subordinate Court Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
•Qualification, Appointment, Transfer & Removal of Judges High Court &
Subordinate Court
•References Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges
•Question / Answers
References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Introduction Indian Judiciary

Contents
We know that Government has three important organs i.e. Executives,
Legislature and Judiciary. Legislature helps in law / policy making Introduction

process, Executives do implement law, administration & control and Supreme Court
Judiciary helps to provide justice and fundamental rights to the citizen. and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Fig : 1 Three Organs of the Government Jurisdiction of

High Court &
Subordinate Court

Government Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References
Executives Legislature Judiciary
Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
One of the Salient Features of the Indian Constitution is that it is a Single Indian Judiciary
Unified integrated judicial system for the whole country.
Contents
A single judiciary represents a hierarchy
Fig : 2 Hierarchy of Judiciary
of courts. The Supreme Court stands at Introduction
the top of this single integrated judicial Supreme Court
system with High Courts at the State level. National Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
Below the High Courts, there are several Level
subordinate courts such as the District Roles & Functions
Courts which deal with civil cases and the High Court of Supreme Court
Session Courts which decide criminal State Jurisdiction of
cases. Level High Court &
Subordinate Court
There is a High Court for each Subordinate Qualification,
State. However, there can be a Court Appointment &
common High Court for two or District Removal of Judges
more States. For example, the Session
Level References
District Reve
States of Punjab and Haryana and Court
Court
(For nue
(For Civil
the Union Territory of Chandigarh Cases)
Criminal
Cases) Court Q&A
have a common High Court
Institution
situated at Chandigarh. GCAD

Similarly, the High Court of Guwahati is common for seven north eastern States of Assam,
Presentation By
Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. Every High Gurdeep Singh
Court has a Chief Justice and a number of judges. The number of judges varies from State
to State. The number of judges of each High Court is determined by the President. Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
The Supreme Court & Its Jurisdiction Indian Judiciary

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority of India. It consists Contents
of the Chief Justice and 25 other judges. The Parliament may increase
the number of judges if it deems necessary. Introduction

Supreme Court
A Court of Record and its Jurisdiction

The Supreme Court is a Court of Record. It has Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court
two implications. All its decisions and
Jurisdiction of
judgments are cited as precedents in all courts High Court &
of the country. They have the force of law and Subordinate Court
are binding on all lower Courts, and indeed the Qualification,
Appointment &
High Courts. As a Court of Record, the Supreme Removal of Judges
Court can even send a person to jail who may
References
have committed contempt of the
court. Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Indian Judiciary

The scope of powers of Supreme Court to hear and decide cases is called Contents
its jurisdiction. The Supreme Court has three types of jurisdictions namely
original, appellate and advisory. Introduction

Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
Types of Jurisdiction
Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
Original Appellate Advisory High Court &
Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Appe Removal of Judges
Appe Appe
als in als in als in
Cons
Civil Crimi tituti References
Case nal onal
s Cases Cases
Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Original Jurisdiction

There are certain cases which fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of Contents
the Supreme Court. It means that all such cases begin or originate in
Introduction
the Supreme Court, only. It also means that such cases cannot be
initiated in any other court. The cases or disputes that come Supreme Court
under the original jurisdiction are given below: and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

(i) (a) Disputes between the Government of India on the one side and of Supreme Court
one or more States on the other side. Jurisdiction of
(b) Disputes between the Government of India and one or more States High Court &
Subordinate Court
on one side and one or more States on the other side.
Qualification,
(c) Disputes between two or more States. Appointment &
Removal of Judges
(ii) The Supreme Court has been invested with special powers in the References
enforcement of Fundamental Rights. In this connection, it has the
Q&A
power to issue directions or writs.
(Writ: It is an order issued to a lower Court or a functionary of the Institution
GCAD
State to take steps to restore rights of the people.)
Presentation By
(iii) Cases under Public Interests Litigation (PIL) can also be heard Gurdeep Singh
directly.
Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Appellate Jurisdiction

Contents
The power of a superior/higher court to hear and decide appeals
against the judgment of a lower court is called appellate jurisdiction. Introduction
The Supreme Court has vast appellate jurisdiction. It hears appeals
Supreme Court
against the judgment of the High Courts. Thus, it is the highest and its Jurisdiction
and the final Court of Appeal. If one of the parties to a dispute is not
satisfied with the decision of the High Court, one can go to the Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
Supreme Court and file an appeal. The appeals can be filled in Civil,
Jurisdiction of
Criminal and Constitutional cases. High Court &
Subordinate Court
Appeals in Civil Cases Qualification,
Disputes relating to property, marriage, money, contract and service etc Appointment &
Removal of Judges
are called civil cases. If a civil case involves a substantial point of law of
public importance needing interpretatation of the Constitution or law, References

an appeal against the High Court decision can be made to Supreme Q&A
Court. If substantial question of interpretation of law or Constitution is
Institution
involved, appeal may be made against the decision of the High Court. GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Appeals in Criminal Cases Indian Judiciary

An appeal may be brought to the Supreme Court against a High Contents

Court decision in a criminal case in a number of situations.
Introduction

Firstly, if a High Court sets aside an appeal or an order of acquittal

Supreme Court
passed by a lower court and awards death sentence to the accused, and its Jurisdiction
he may bring an appeal to the Supreme Court by right.
Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
Secondly, appeal can also be made to the Supreme Court if the High
Jurisdiction of
Court withdraws a case from a lower court to itself, declares the High Court &
accused guilty and awards death sentence. In this situation also Subordinate Court
Qualification,
appeals can be made as a matter of right and without certificate Appointment &
from the High Court. Removal of Judges

References
The appeal in cases other than these two categories may also be
brought to the Supreme Court provided the High Court grants a Q&A

certificate that the case is fit for appeal to the Supreme Court. Institution
GCAD
In case where the High Court refuses to certify a case to be fit for
appeal to the Supreme Court, one may seek special leave to appeal Presentation By
from the Supreme Court itself. The Supreme Court may grant such a Gurdeep Singh
special leave in its discretion but only in rare cases.
Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Appointment of Judges of High Court Indian Judiciary
The judges of the High Courts are appointed by the President of India.
While appointing Chief Justice of a High Court, the President has to Contents
consult the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of
Introduction
the State concerned. While appointing other judges, the President
consults the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of Supreme Court
the High Court and Governor of the State concerned. and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court
Transfer of Judges from One High Court to Other High Court
The judges can be transferred from one High Court to another by the Jurisdiction of
High Court &
President. As mentioned earlier, consultation with the Chief Justice of Subordinate Court
the Supreme Court in respect of appointments and transfers of the Qualification,
Appointment &
judges of the High Court is also obligatory and binding for the Removal of Judges
President
References

While the constitutional status of the President remains intact, the Q&A
actual selection of judges is made by a team of senior judges of the
Institution
Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India This is known as GCAD
Collegium of the Supreme Court. Its recommendations are binding
on the President. Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Guardian of The Constitution Indian Judiciary

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land and the Contents
Supreme Court is its interpreter and guardian. It does not allow
the executive or the Parliament to violate any provision of the Introduction

Constitution. It can also review any action of the Government,

Supreme Court
which allegdly violates any provision of the Fundamental Rights. and its Jurisdiction
This power of the Supreme Court is called Judicial Review about
Roles & Functions
which we shall study later. If it finds violation of any of Supreme Court
provision of the Constitution, it may declare the concerned law as
Jurisdiction of
ultra-vires, or null and void. It is on the basis of this power of High Court &
Judicial Review of the Supreme Court that it is called guardian of Subordinate Court
Qualification,
the Constitution. It is also called ‘a champion of liberties’ and ‘a Appointment &
watchdog of democracy’. Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Protector of Fundamental Rights

Contents
The Supreme Court has concurrent right with the High Courts to issue
directions, orders and writs for enforcement of fundamental rights. Introduction
These writs make the Supreme Court a protector and guarantor of
Supreme Court
fundamental rights. The idea is that in case of violation of a law or and its Jurisdiction
right, the Court may issue directions for compliance with the
Constitution. Thus, the citizens of India are secure as far as Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
fundamental rights are concerned.
Jurisdiction of
The Supreme Court has the right to declare a law passed by the High Court &
legislature null and void if it encroaches upon our fundamental rights. Subordinate Court
It has rejected many legislations, which violated fundamental rights. Qualification,
Appointment &
This shows how the Supreme Court has always served as the Removal of Judges
guardian of fundamental rights.
References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Review of Its Own Judgment Indian Judiciary

If the Supreme Court discovers that there are

Contents
some new facts or evidences or if it is
satisfied that some mistake or error took place Introduction
in its previous decision, it has the power to
review the case and alter its previous Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
decisions. This is generally done when a review
petition is filed. Normally, review is done by a Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
bigger bench than the one that originally
decided the case. Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Judicial Review Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges
It is a process through which judiciary
examines whether a law enacted by a References
legislature or
Q&A
an action of the executive is in accordance with
the Constitution or not. it is Institution
GCAD
freely exercised by the Supreme Court of India
and in many other countries. Our High Presentation By
Courts also exercise this power. Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Judicial Review does not mean that every law passed by the Indian Judiciary
legislature is taken up by the
Supreme Court for review. It only means that the Court will Contents
review the law as and when
it gets an opportunity. This is possible in two ways. First, the Introduction

Court can review the law if

Supreme Court
its validity is challenged. The Supreme Court or High Court may and its Jurisdiction
get an opportunity to
Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
review a law in another situation also. If a person or institution Jurisdiction of
feels that his/her rights are High Court &
violated, or a certain benefit due to him under a law is being Subordinate Court
Qualification,
denied, the Court while Appointment &
examining such a petition may come to the conclusion that the Removal of Judges
law, under which relief is References
sought, is itself unconstitutional. Therefore, relief may not be
granted. Q&A

In a democratic country like India the power of Judicial Review is Institution

an important guarantee GCAD

of the rights of the people. Besides, the Supreme Court has been
Presentation By
interpreting various Gurdeep Singh
provisions of the Constitution. Its rulings are treated as law of the
land. Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Appeals in Constitutional Cases

A constitutional case is neither a civil dispute, nor concerning a Contents

crime. Introduction

It is a case arising out of different interpretations of Constitution, Supreme Court

and its Jurisdiction
mainly regarding the fundamental rights.
Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
In such Constitutional Cases an appeal can be taken to the Supreme
Court only if a High Court certifies that the matter in dispute Jurisdiction of
High Court &
involves a substantial question of law. Subordinate Court
Qualification,
If the High Court denies a certificate of fitness to appeal to the Appointment &
Removal of Judges
Supreme Court, the Supreme Court can use its discretion and grant
special leave to appeal to itself in any case it deems fit. References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Advisory Jurisdiction

Contents
This power implies Court’s right to give advice, if sought. Under
advisory jurisdiction, the President of India may refer any question of Introduction
law or public importance to Supreme Court for its advice.
Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
But the Supreme Court is not bound to give advice. In case, the advice
or the opinion of the Court is sent to the President, he may or may Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
not accept it. The advice of the Court is not binding on the President.
Jurisdiction of
High Court &
So far, whenever the Court has given its advice, the President has Subordinate Court
always accepted it. Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges
The Court refused to give its advice on the question whether a temple
References
existed at the spot, where Babri Masjid was built at Ayodhya.
Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

Contents
Earlier, the judiciary, including Supreme Court,
entertained litigation only from those parties Introduction
that were affected directly or indirectly by it. It
Supreme Court
heard and decided cases only under its original and its Jurisdiction
and appllate jurisdiction. But subsequently, the
Court permitted cases on the ground Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
of public interest litigation. It means that even
Jurisdiction of
people, who are not directly involved in the High Court &
case, may bring to the notice of the Court Subordinate Court
matters of public interest. It is the privilege of Qualification,
Appointment &
the Court to entertain the application for Removal of Judges
public interest litigation (PIL). The concept of
References
PIL was introduced by Justice P.N. Bhagwati.
Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
PIL is important because justice is now easily available to the poor Indian Judiciary
and the weaker sections of society. The Supreme Court on the
basis of letters received from journalists, lawyers and social Contents
workers and even on the basis of newspaper reports has taken up
Introduction
a number of matters of public interest. Let us take some examples
to know how PIL has helped the people to get justice. Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

Examples of PIL of Supreme Court
Under PIL, the rights of under trials held under illegal detention Jurisdiction of
have been restored. The Supreme Court ordered the release of High Court &
Subordinate Court
many detenues without trial on the ground of their personal liberty,
Qualification,
which could not be curbed due to judicial or bureaucratic Appointment &
inefficiency. Removal of Judges

References
The Supreme Court has also taken up steps to free bonded
Q&A
labourers, tribals, slum dwellers, women in rescue homes, children
in juvenile homes, child labour etc. Institution
GCAD
In case of environmental pollution, the Supreme Court has ordered
closure of a few factories near Kanpur, Delhi and other places.
Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Powers and Jurisdiction of the High Court Indian Judiciary
Power of High Court
Contents
Transfer
Original of Cases Superinten Introduction
dence of Court of
Jurisdictio to the Subordinat Record
n High e Courts Supreme Court
Court and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
The original jurisdiction of the High Courts is very limited. Cases of Appointment &
alleged violation of fundamental rights can be started in High Courts, or Removal of Judges
in the Supreme Court. The High Courts have the power to issue orders to References
restore the fundamental rights of the people. You will recall that these
orders are called writs. Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Appeal for Civil cases Indian Judiciary
High Courts hear appeals against the judgements of the subordinate
courts. In civil cases, appellate jurisdiction extends to all such cases which Contents
involve an amount exceeding Rs. 5 lakh. Any party to a civil dispute, which
is dissatisfied with the decision of the District Court may appeal against Introduction

the decision of the District Court in the High Court. It also hears cases
Supreme Court
relating to patents and designs, succession, land acquisition, insolvency and its Jurisdiction
and guardianship.
Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
Appeal for Criminal cases / Session Cases Jurisdiction of
The High Courts hear and decide appeals against decisions of the sessions High Court &
courts in criminal cases. An accused who is found guilty by a sessions Subordinate Court
Qualification,
court, and awarded a sentence may file an appeal against the verdict of Appointment &
the sessions court. Removal of Judges
However, if an accused is awarded death sentence by the sessions court, References
the sentence must be confirmed by the High Court before the person is
hanged to death. Even if the accused does not file an appeal against death Q&A

sentence, the State refers it to the High Court for confirmation. Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Transfer of Cases to the High Court Indian Judiciary

If a High Court is satisfied that a case pending in a subordinate court Contents

involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the
Introduction
Constitution, the High Court may withdraw such a case from the lower
court. After examining the case, the High Court may either dispose it off Supreme Court
itself, or may return it to the lower court with instructions for disposal of and its Jurisdiction

the case. Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court
Superintendence of Subordinate Courts Jurisdiction of
High Court &
A High Court has the right of superintendence and control over all the Subordinate Court
subordinate courts in all the matter of judicial and administrative Qualification,
Appointment &
nature. In the exercise of its power of superintendence, the High Court Removal of Judges
may call for any information from the lower courts; may make and References
issue general rules and prescribe norms for regulating the practice and
proceedings of these courts; and it may issue such directions, from Q&A
time to time, as it may deem necessary. Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Court of Record

A High Court is also a court of record, like the Supreme Court. Lower Contents

courts in a State are bound to follow the decisions of the High Court Introduction
which are cited as precedents. A High Court has also the power to
punish for its contempt or disrespect. Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Subordinate Courts
In each district of India there are various types of subordinate or
lower courts. They are civil courts, criminal courts and revenue Contents

courts. These Courts hear civil cases, criminal cases and revenue Introduction
cases, respectively.
Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary

Civil cases pertain to disputes between two or more persons

Contents
regarding property, breach of agreement or contract, divorce or
landlord – tenant disputes. Civil Courts settle these disputes. Introduction
They do not award any punishment as violation of law is not
Supreme Court
involved in civil cases. and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

Criminal cases relate to violation of laws. These cases involve of Supreme Court
theft, dacoity, rape, pick pocketing, physical assault, murder, etc.
Jurisdiction of
These cases are filed in the lower court by the police, on behalf High Court &
of the state, against the accused. In such cases the accused, if Subordinate Court

found guilty, is awarded punishment like fine, imprisonment or Qualification,

Appointment &
even death sentence. Removal of Judges

References
Revenue cases relate to land revenue on agriculture land in the
district. Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary

Contents

Introduction

Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary

Contents

Introduction

Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary

Contents

Introduction

Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Appointment of Judges in Supreme Court
Contents
The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by
the President of India. While appointing the Chief Justice, the President is Introduction
constitutionally required to consult such other judges of the Supreme
Supreme Court
Court as he deems proper, but outgoing Chief Justice is always consulted. and its Jurisdiction
Normally, the senior most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed as the
Roles & Functions
Chief Justice of India, although there is no constitutional requirement to do of Supreme Court
so. While appointing other judges, the President is bound to consult the
Jurisdiction of
Chief Justice and other senior judges, if he deems proper. High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Whenever there is vacancy or a likely vacancy in the Supreme Court, the Appointment &
Removal of Judges
Chief Justice and four other senior most judges consider various names and
recommend the names of the persons to be appointed as judges of the References

Supreme Court. Thus, while the Constitution still provides that the Q&A
President is the appointing authority of the Supreme Court judges, the
Institution
ruling of the Supreme Court, has since 1999, become virtually binding on GCAD
the President. The power of selection of judges has passed on to a group
of Supreme Court judges, called the Collegium of the Court. The President Presentation By
now performs the formality of appointing the nominee of the Supreme Gurdeep Singh

Court, after the Law Ministry formally recommends these names to him.
Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Qualification of Judges in Supreme Court

A person is qualified for appointment as a judge only he/she is a Contents

citizen of India and if he/ she fulfils one of the following conditions: Introduction

a) he/she has been for at least five years a Judge of as High Court or Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
two or more than two such courts; or
b) he/she has been for at least ten years an advocate of a High Court Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
or of two or more than two such courts; or
c) he/she is, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist. Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Removal of judge from Supreme Court and Maximum tanure
Qualification,
The Chief Justice of India and other judges of the Supreme Court hold Appointment &
office till they attain the age of 65 years. A judge may voluntarily resign Removal of Judges

before expiry of his term. In exceptional cases a Supreme Court judge may References
be removed before the age of retirement, according to the procedure laid
Q&A
down in the Constitution. Thus a judge of the Supreme Court can be
removed from office by an order of the President passed after an address Institution
GCAD
by each House of the Parliament supported by a majority of total
membership of the House and not less than two-third majority of the
Presentation By
members of the House present and voting, passed in the same session, Gurdeep Singh
has been presented to the President for such removal on the ground of
proved misbehaviour or capacity. Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Qualification of Judges in High Court

(i) He or she should be a citizen of India. Contents

(ii) He or she should have held a judicial office, at the district level or Introduction
below for at least ten years.
OR Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
He or she should have been an advocate in one or more High Courts
for at least ten years continuously without break. Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court

Tenure :- Once appointed, the High Court judges hold office till they Jurisdiction of
High Court &
attain the age of 62 years. After retirement, they may be appointed Subordinate Court
judges of the Supreme Court or they may practise as advocates Qualification,
either in the Supreme Court or in any High Court other than the Appointment &
Removal of Judges
High Court in which they served as judges.
References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary
Tenure and Removal process for Judge of High Court
A High Court judge may be removed before he or she attains the age of
62 years, only on the ground of incapacity or proved misbehaviour. Contents

Introduction
He or she may be removed if both the Houses of Parliament adopt a
resolution by a majority of their total membership and by Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction
two thirds majority of members present and voting, separately in each
House in the same session. Such a resolution is submitted to the Roles & Functions
of Supreme Court
President, who then can remove the concerned judge.
Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 References Topic
Indian Judiciary

Basics of Legal literacy, IGNOU, Delhi.

Contents
Indian Constitution, IGNOU, Delhi.
Political Science Class 11 and 12 NCERT, Delhi. Introduction
Political Science Class 12, NIOS, Delhi.
Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Indian Judiciary

Contents

Introduction

Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22
 Topic
Class Work Indian Judiciary

Question 1: Describe composition, powers and Jurisdiction of the Supreme Contents

court and High court of India. 10 Marks Introduction

Supreme Court
and its Jurisdiction

Roles & Functions

of Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of
High Court &
Subordinate Court
Qualification,
Appointment &
Removal of Judges

References

Q&A

Institution
GCAD

Presentation By
Gurdeep Singh

Date : 06/06/22