RADIO FREQUENCY BAND

RF Hexagon tradeoff paramters

Wireless standards
1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G are the five generations of mobile
networks where G stands for Generation
ISM band
The IEEE 802.11 wireless networking protocols, the standards on which almost all wireless systems are based, use the ISM bands. Virtually all 
laptops, tablet computers, computer printers and cellphones now have 802.11 wireless modems using the 2.4 and 5.7 GHz ISM bands. 
Bluetooth is another networking technology using the 2.4 GHz band

RF FUNDAMENTALS 5
Wireless standard-IEEE 802.11 standard WLAN

RF FUNDAMENTALS 6
5G
• 5G stands for 5th Generation of wireless technology.
• It supercedes 4G wireless standards such as mobile wimax, LTE, LTE advanced, WLAN-11ad etc.
• This technology provides 10 Gbps speed over the air.
• It is 66 times faster compare to 4G wireless technologies
• 5G phone supports following frequency bands under licensed spectrum, shared licensed spectrum and unlicensed
spectrum to allow interoperablity and use of phone across technologies and regions.
• • Above 6 GHz (Supports millimeter wave bands) (28 GHz, 40 GHz)
• • Below 6 GHz
• • Below 1 GHz
• It supports signals of bandwidth ranging from 0.5 to 2 GHz.
• Peak data rate: Approx. 1 to 10 Gbps

RF FUNDAMENTALS 7
5G
overall spectrum resources of 5G can be divided into two FR (Frequency Range)
FR1: The Sub6G frequency band is the main frequency band of 5G and is a low-frequency band, the frequency
below 3GHz is Sub3G, and the remaining frequency bands are called C-bands.
FR2: Millimeter wave is an extended frequency band of 5G.
Opportunities?
June 2022 India

FEB 2021 Sandiego

Hetro dyne
Direct conversion
Hartley architecture

the Hartley architecture first takes the negative Hilbert transform of the signal and the Hilbert transform of the image
(or vice versa) by means of quadrature mixing, subsequently takes the Hilbert transform of one of the downconverted
outputs, and
sums the results. That is, the signal spectrum is multiplied by [+jsgn(ω)][−jsgn(ω)] = +1, whereas the image spectrum is
multiplied
by [−jsgn(ω)][−jsgn(ω)] = −1.