1.2-Overview-Computing Ver2

Overview of Computing
By: Eduardo S. Rodrigo

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to :
1) describe what computing is;

2) understand the role of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM); and
3) discover trending technologies in the area of computing.
Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

LESSON OVERVIEW
The purpose of this lesson is to define what computing is and learn its importance in
daily living. In this lesson, we will also cover the role of the Association for
Computing Machinery (ACM); and in the end, we will discover the trending
technologies in the area of computing.

TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVIVTY
• Ice breaker
• Discussion
• Assessment Task

COMPUTER
Image Source : https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/140953-worlds-oldest-original-digital-computer-is-turned-back-on-after-61-years

COMPUTER
Mathematician
Image Source : https://www.jobhero.com/career-guides/careers/planning/how-to-become-mathematician

What is Computing ?
Computing is any activity that uses computers to

manage, process, and communicate information.
It includes the development of both hardware

and software.
Image Source :
https://hoteltechreport.com/news/cloud-computing
Computing has become a critical, integral
component of modern industrial technology.
industrial technology the era of engineering, manufacturing,
and invention.

What is Computing ?
Major computing disciplines include :

-computer science,
-information technology,
-information systems,
-computer engineering, and
-software engineering.
Image Source : https://ventsmagazine.com/2019/12/06/what-to-

do-to-be-a-computer-engineer/

What is Computing ?
before 1935, a computer was a

person who performed
arithmetic calculations. Between
1935 and 1945 the definition
referred to a machine Von
Neumann's concepts: a device
that accepts input, processes
data, stores data, and produces
output.
Image Source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture

The Concept of Computing includes :
designing and building hardware and

software systems.
doing scientific studies using computers;
Image Source : https://mondaynote.com/google-car-sense-and-

money-impasse-1e5dcf1924d
making intelligent computer systems;

The Concept of Computing includes :
creating communications and

entertainment media;
gathering information relevant to

any particular purpose. Image Source :
https://appleinsider.com/articles/13/10/04/behind-the-scenes-
details-reveal-steve-jobs-first-iphone-announcement
Steve Jobs announced the

first IPhone in 2007
Means of Communication
Traditional Telephone
1st IPhone
Traditional Cellphone
Image Source : https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/830351250020270337/,

https://www.thejoeeconomy.com/personal-economy/maybe-your-non-smartphone-aint-so-stupid/
“3 Great Men in Communication”
Tim Berner’s Lee

Creator of
“www”
Steve Jobs, 2007
Bill Gates,
Microsoft
The File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is a standard network protocol
used for the transfer of computer files between a client and
server on a computer network.
Image Source : https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-file-transfer-protocol-ftp-definition-lesson-quiz.html

is a US-based (New York City) international learned society for
computing founded in 1947.
It is the world's largest scientific and educational computing

society.
It is a non-profit professional membership group.

The Philippine Society of Information Technology Educators
is a professional body of information technology education
practitioners in the Philippines
Image Source : https://www.facebook.com/PSITE-XI-131365136899941/

The Five sub-disciplines of computing define by ACM :
1) Information Systems.
2) Information Technology.
3) Computer Science.
4) Computer Engineering.
5) Software Engineering.

1) Information Systems (IS)
the field of IS would entail studying applications and

other means of providing better decision making
systems to the business.
MIS – refers to the management of information so

that it could be used in decision making.

2) Information Technology (IT).
IT people are users of technology.

They utilize existing operating systems, software, and
applications to solve a specific business problem.
They analyze and explain to a client how to solve technology
problems or work with executives and business owners to
construct a technology plan that will meet their business needs.
They manage everything that is related to IT Resources.

3) Computer Science.
Computer science students are Computer scientists. They focus on

the theory of computational applications.
They study the machine itself and understand how and why various
computer processes operate the way they do.
They invent new ways to manipulate and transfer information.
They are generally concerned with software, operating systems, and

implementation.
That means they understand the “why” behind computer programs.
4) Computer Engineering.
Computer engineers are the ones who make computer parts work
together.
They are responsible for the research, design, and development of
computer equipment like circuit boards, microchips, routers, video
cards, etc.
They often deal with hardware-to-software integration, meaning

they have to design and build processors and hardware that can
support a given program.
5) Software Engineering.
It is the application of principles used in the field of I.T. or

Computer Engineering, which usually deals with physical systems,
to the design, development, testing, deployment, and management
of software systems.

TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
I) Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called

machine intelligence, is intelligence
demonstrated by machines.
Image Source : https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch

of computer science concerned with building
smart machines capable of performing tasks that
typically require human intelligence.
Sophia is a social humanoid robot
developed by Hong Kong-based company
Hanson Robotics. Sophia was activated on
February 14, 2016, and made her first
public appearance at South by Southwest
Festival (SXSW) in mid-March 2016 in
Austin, Texas, United States.
A. Machine Learning :
Machine Learning feeds a computer data and uses

statistical techniques to help it "learn" how to get
progressively better at a task, without having been
specifically programmed for that task, eliminating
the need for millions of lines of written code.
Image Source :
Example : https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/google-car-
trouble
- Image Detection, Face and Speech Recognition

- Google Search, Fraud Detection
- Waze
Which one is the dog?
Image Source : https://becominghuman.ai/building-an-image-classifier-using-deep-learning-in-python-totally-from-a-beginners-perspective-be8dbaf22dd8?gi=f60102bbca51

Machine Learning
Image Source : https://www.animalsheltering.org/magazine/articles/face-value

B. Deep Learning :
Deep learning is a type of machine learning

that runs inputs through biologically-
inspired neural network architecture. The
neural networks contain a number of
hidden layers through which the data is
processed, allowing the machine to go
Image Source :
https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/google-car-
trouble
"deep" in its learning, making connections,
and weighting input for the best results.
Machine vs Deep Learning
Image Source : https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/artificial-intelligence/posts/difference-between-ai-machine-learning-deep-learning.html

Alan Turing the father of modern A.I.

He is the inventor of Turing Machine.
In 1950 Alan Turing publishes
"Computing Machinery and
Intelligence (1950)” proposing what is
now known as the Turing Test, a
method for determining if a machine
is intelligent.

A Turing machine is a
mathematical model of
computation that defines
an abstract machine that
manipulates symbols on a
strip of tape according to a
table of rules. Despite the
model's simplicity, given
any computer algorithm, a
Turing machine capable of
simulating that algorithm's
logic can be constructed.
Some Artificial Intelligence (A.I) Examples
Google makes the first self-driving car to pass a state driving test.
(2014)
Smart assistants (like Siri and Alexa)
Drone Robots

Optimized, personalized healthcare

treatment recommendations.
Disease mapping and prediction tools
Image Source :
https://medium.com/@SoftBankRobotics/
Conversational bots for marketing and
customer service.

Robot-advisors for stock trading.
Spam filters on email.
Social media monitoring tools for Image Source : https://www.hedgethink.com/how-

big-is-disruption-by-robo-advisors/
dangerous content or false news.

II) Virtual Reality(VR)

Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated
experience that can be similar to or
completely different from the real world.
-creating the real-world to a new world.
Applications of virtual reality can include

entertainment (i.e. video games) and
educational purposes Image Source : https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/inside-the-
house-of-vr-virtual-reality-lounge
(i.e. medical or military training).

III) Augmented Reality (AR)

Augmented reality (AR) is an
interactive experience of a real-world
environment where the objects that
reside in the real world are enhanced
by computer-generated perceptual
information, sometimes across
multiple sensory modalities, including
visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory Image Source : https://www.avrspot.com/snapchat-facebook-instagram-
using-augmented-reality-business/
and olfactory.
-enhancing the real world.
III) Augmented Reality (AR)
Augmented reality (AR) adds digital

elements to a live view often by using
the camera on a smartphone.
Examples of augmented reality
experiences include Snapchat lenses
and the game Pokemon Go.
Image Source : https://www.fi.edu/difference-between-ar-vr-and-mr

Other Applications of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
used by businesses
Image Source : https://cubicleninjas.com/vr-ar-changing-

business/
Medical students use AR technology to
practice surgery in a controlled environment.
gaming and interactive marketing.

Image Source :
https://healthcare-in-europe.com/en/news/promising-
Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9MwaH6oGEY applications-of-mixed-realities-in-medicine.html
IV) Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the delivery of
computing services over the Internet
(“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation,
flexible resources, and economies of
scale.
Example of Cloud Services :

- servers, storage, databases, networking, Image Source : https://networkencyclopedia.com/cloud-
software, analytics, and intelligence. computing/

SCHOOL BUSINESS
-computer laboratory (50 computers)
-desktop
- O.S.(windows) – 5K
- -MS-Office – 5K
- -Application Software (Adobe) – 15K
- - connection
Cloud Computing Models
1) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) refers to the fundamental building blocks of

computing that can be rented.
Examples : physical or virtual servers, storage and networking
2) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) this includes the tools and software that developers need
to build applications.
Examples : Database management, Operating systems, and Development tools.
3) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is the delivery of applications-as-a-service, probably

the version of cloud computing that most people are used to on a day-to-day basis.
Examples: Google Apps,

Types of Cloud Computing
1) Public Cloud
Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-

party cloud service providers, which deliver their
computing resources, like servers and storage, over
the Internet.
Example: Microsoft Azure
Image Source : https://ktconnections.com/blog/microsoft-azure-is-ready-for-

you
2) Private cloud
A private cloud refers to cloud computing

resources used exclusively by a single business
or organization. A private cloud can be
physically located on the company’s on-site
datacenter.
Source : https://www.brandsoftheworld.com/logo/hewlett-
packard-enterprise
3) Hybrid cloud
Hybrid clouds combine public and private

clouds, bound together by technology that
allows data and applications to be shared
between them.
Source : https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=com.google.android.youtube&hl=en
Benefits of Cloud Computing
1) Cost
Cloud computing eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware and software and
setting up and running on-site datacenters—the racks of servers, the round-the-clock
electricity for power and cooling, and the IT experts for managing the infrastructure. It
adds up fast.
2) Global scale
The benefits of cloud computing services include the ability to scale elastically. In cloud,
that means delivering the right amount of IT resources—for example, more or less
computing power, storage, bandwidth—right when they’re needed, and from the right
geographic location.
3) Performance
The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of secure data
centers, which are regularly upgraded to the latest generation of fast and efficient
computing hardware. This offers several benefits over a single corporate datacenter,
including reduced network latency for applications and greater economies of scale.
4) Security
Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls that
strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect your data, apps, and
infrastructure from potential threats.
5) Speed
Most cloud computing services are provided self-service and on-demand, so even vast
amounts of computing resources can be provisioned in minutes, typically with just a few
mouse clicks, giving businesses a lot of flexibility and taking the pressure off capacity
planning.
6) Productivity
On-site datacenters typically require a lot of “racking and stacking”—hardware setup,

software patching, and other time-consuming IT management chores. Cloud computing
removes the need for many of these tasks, so IT teams can spend time on achieving
more important business goals.
7) Reliability
Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster

recovery, and business continuity easier and
less expensive because data can be mirrored
at multiple redundant sites on the cloud
provider’s network.
Source : https://www.shutterstock.com/search/reliability
Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIb6Gkdfkds
V) Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of
interrelated computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines provided with unique
identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer
data over a network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction. Image Source : https://www.cloudwards.net/what-is-the-internet-of-things/

How does the Internet of Things work?
The Internet of Things is the everyday objects

in your house, only hooked up to the internet.
It’s really that simple. So think a thermostat
that can be controlled from an app on your
smartphone or a coffee maker that switches
itself on when it can tell you’ve gotten out of
bed.
Image Source : https://www.cloudwards.net/what-is-the-internet-of-things/

How does the Internet of Things work?
With the Internet of Things, we

can have smart cities with
optimized:
-traffic system,
-efficient waste management,
-energy use.
Image Source :
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/traffic-wireless-
network-intelligent-transport-systems-348021791
Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br5aJa6MkBc&t=6s

V1) Big Data

Big Data is a term used to describe a
collection of data that is huge in volume and
yet growing exponentially with time. In short
such data is so large and complex that none
of the traditional data management tools are
able to store it or process it efficiently.
Example of Big Data : Image Source : https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-big-data-

lets-answer-this-question-933b94709caf
- Social Media, Youtube

1 Text Message : 255 characters
1 Day (15) : 3.8K
Audio, Video : 2GB (person/day)
10 Million – 2GB data/day (Philippines)

4B People x 2 GB Data- (World)
Intended Learning
Types ofOutcomes
Big Data (ILO)
1) Structured
2) Unstructured
3) Semi-structured Structured
Image Source : https://www.forbes.com/
I. Structured
any data that can be stored, accessed, II. Unstructured
and processed in the form of fixed-format any data with the unknown form or the
is termed as a 'structured' data. structure is classified as unstructured
data.
Example :
Databases Example :
The output returned by 'Google Search'
Intended Learning
Types ofOutcomes
Big Data (ILO)
III. Semi-structured
Semi-structured data can contain both forms of data.

We can see semi-structured data as structured in
form but it is actually not defined with.
Examples of Semi-structured Data :

Personal data stored in an XML file-
<rec><name>Prashant Rao</name><sex>Male</sex><age>35</age></rec>
<rec><name>Seema R.</name><sex>Female</sex><age>41</age></rec>
<rec><name>Satish Mane</name><sex>Male</sex><age>29</age></rec>
<rec><name>Subrato Roy</name><sex>Male</sex><age>26</age></rec>
<rec><name>Jeremiah J.</name><sex>Male</sex><age>35</age></rec>

Intended Learning Outcomes
Characteristics (ILO)
of a Big Data
(i) Volume – The name Big Data itself is related to a size that is enormous.
(ii) Variety – Variety refers to heterogeneous sources and the nature of data, both
structured and unstructured.
(iii) Velocity – The term 'velocity' refers to the speed of generation of data. How fast the
data is generated and processed to meet the demands, determines real potential in the
data.
(iv) Variability – This refers to the inconsistency which can be shown by the data at
times, thus hampering the process of being able to handle and manage the data
effectively.

SUMMARY OF THE LESSON
In this lesson, we were able to define that computing is any activity that uses computers
to manage, process, and communicate information. It includes the development of both
hardware and software. Identify the major computing disciplines that include computer
engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and
information technology. Also in this lesson, we were able to understand the role of the
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and we have discovered some trending
technologies in the area of computing like the following: Artificial intelligence, Cloud
computing, augmented and virtual reality, and internet of things,

Reminders for Friday
Saturday, August 29 (Asynchronous Activities)
1) Read lesson 1.3 (History of Computing) : 7:30am to 9:30am (Conversation)

-Answer the Assessment : (9:00am-available)
2) Answer Week1 Summative Assessment : (25 points, covers, L1.1. and L1.2)
10:30am-12:30nn (available)
3) Once you’re finished with the Activities. Send the following message in the
CHATBOX. (9:30am onwards)
“Done Reading lesson 1.3”

“Done with Summative Assessment ”
REFERENCES
1) What is computing?, (2020) Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing
2) What is computing and ACM? (2020) Retrieved from

http://mason.gmu.edu/~montecin/computer-hist-web.htm
3) Cloud computing?, (2020) Retrieved from https://www.cloudwards.net/what-is-the-

internet-of-things/#What-Is-the- Internet-of-Things?

REFERENCES
4) What is cloud computing?, (2020) Retrieved from

https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-big-data-lets-answer-this-
question-933b94709caf?gi=a945ea9c9df3
5) What is big data?, (2020) Retrieved from https://www.guru99.com/what-is-big-

data.html#1
6) Example of Big data, (2020) Retrieved from https://azure.microsoft.com/en-

us/overview/what-is-cloud-computing/

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Property of Technological Institute of the Philippines (TIP).
No part of the materials, made and uploaded in this learning management system by
TIP may be copied, photographed, printed, reproduced, shared, transmitted, or
reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part,
without prior consent of TIP.

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Overview of Computing

By: Eduardo S. Rodrigo

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to :

1) describe what computing is;

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Image Source : https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/140953-worlds-oldest-original-digital-computer-is-turned-back-on-after-61-years

Image Source : https://www.jobhero.com/career-guides/careers/planning/how-to-become-mathematician

Computing is any activity that uses computers to

It includes the development of both hardware

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Major computing disciplines include :

Image Source : https://ventsmagazine.com/2019/12/06/what-to-

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

before 1935, a computer was a

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

designing and building hardware and

doing scientific studies using computers;

Image Source : https://mondaynote.com/google-car-sense-and-

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

creating communications and

gathering information relevant to

Steve Jobs announced the

Image Source : https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/830351250020270337/,

Tim Berner’s Lee

Image Source : https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-file-transfer-protocol-ftp-definition-lesson-quiz.html

It is the world's largest scientific and educational computing

It is a non-profit professional membership group.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Image Source : https://www.facebook.com/PSITE-XI-131365136899941/

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

1) Information Systems (IS)

the field of IS would entail studying applications and

MIS – refers to the management of information so

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

2) Information Technology (IT).

IT people are users of technology.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Computer science students are Computer scientists. They focus on

They are generally concerned with software, operating systems, and

They often deal with hardware-to-software integration, meaning

It is the application of principles used in the field of I.T. or

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

I) Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch

Machine Learning feeds a computer data and uses

- Image Detection, Face and Speech Recognition

Image Source : https://becominghuman.ai/building-an-image-classifier-using-deep-learning-in-python-totally-from-a-beginners-perspective-be8dbaf22dd8?gi=f60102bbca51

Image Source : https://www.animalsheltering.org/magazine/articles/face-value

Deep learning is a type of machine learning

Image Source : https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/artificial-intelligence/posts/difference-between-ai-machine-learning-deep-learning.html

Alan Turing the father of modern A.I.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Smart assistants (like Siri and Alexa)

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Optimized, personalized healthcare

Disease mapping and prediction tools

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

Robot-advisors for stock trading.

Spam filters on email.

Social media monitoring tools for Image Source : https://www.hedgethink.com/how-