Lesson 1: Exploring the Formation of Elements

During Stellar Formation and Evolution

 Describe the formation of heavier elements
during the formation and evolution of stars

Objectives
Learning
Cite astronomical evidence which justifies
the formation of elements

Appreciate the importance of the discovery

of atomic number which led to the synthesis
of new elements in the laboratory.
 BIG BANG THEORY
• describes how the universe
expanded from singularity
SPACE
TIME
ENERGY
 EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
Observation of Remnant of the Observed
galaxies flying Big Bang abundance of
away from us in known as the light elements
all directions Cosmic made in the Big
Microwave Bang matches
Background predictions
Radiation
 EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
Observation of RED SHIFT PHENOMENON
galaxies flying
away from us in
all directions
EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
 EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
Remnant of the
Big Bang
known as the
Cosmic
Microwave
Background
Radiation
EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
 EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
Observed
abundance of
light elements
made in the Big
Bang matches
predictions
 THE ATOMIC
EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG
Observed
abundance of
light elements
made in the Big
Bang matches
predictions
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
 LIGHT ELEMENTS

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
 NUCLEAR FUSION
• two light nuclei
merge to form a
single heavier
nucleus
(nucleosynthesis)

• releases energy
 • Elementary Particles
(like quarks)
PARTICLES /
• Subatomic Particles
ELEMENTS FORMED
(protons, neutrons,
DURING electrons)
BIG BANG
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS • Light Elements:
Hydrogen, Helium,
Lithium
 STAR FORMATION THEORY

• Asserts that stars are formed when a

dense region of molecular cloud collapse

GRAVITY
NEBULA
 STAR FORMATION THEORY

GRAVITY
NEBULA

GRAVITY

NEBULA
STAR FORMATION THEORY
 STELAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

• Evolution of stars

• a process in which heavier elements from

Beryllium (Be) to Iron (Fe) were formed
by combining protons and neutrons from
the nuclei of a lighter elements
FORMATION OF ELEMENTS
BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Star
Big Bang Interstellar
Protostar
(singularity) Cloud / Nebula
Massive Stars Supernova
Quarks, sub-particles (protons,
neutrons, electrons)
From Beryllium (Be) to Iron (Fe) More heavier
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He),
elements
Lithium (Li)
Elements that do not naturally exist
SEATWORK
SEATWORK
1
SEATWORK
2
SEATWORK
3
In what STAGE the light elements were formed?
a) Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
b) Stellar Nucleosynthesis
c) Supernova
d) Human era
SEATWORK
4
Which of the following is not an evidence of Big
Bang?
a) Red shift
b) Cosmic Microwave Background
c) Abundance of light elements
d) Gravity
SEATWORK
5
Which of the following holds the protons and
neutrons together in the nucleus?
a) Gravity
b) Electromagnetic Force
c) Weak-nuclear Force
d) Strong-nuclear Force
ANSWER
SEATWORK
1
SEATWORK
2
SEATWORK
3
In what STAGE the light elements were formed?
a) Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
b) Stellar Nucleosynthesis
c) Supernova
d) Human era
SEATWORK
4
Which of the following is not an evidence of Big
Bang?
a) Red shift
b) Cosmic Microwave Background
c) Abundance of light elements
d) Gravity
SEATWORK
5
Which of the following holds the protons and
neutrons together in the nucleus?
a) Gravity
b) Electromagnetic Force
c) Weak-nuclear Force
d) Strong-nuclear Force