ENGINEERING

DRAWING
 FREE HAND DRAWING
• Easiest method to express the shape of a part
or a component by an engineer or a draftsman.
• Usually freehand sketches are done
1. On the site sketching for
production/maintenance.
2. Recording of initial idea of a design.
3. For quick exchange of idea among designer
draftsman technician etc.
4. Urgency.
Drawing lines
Polygons
Parallelogram
• Draw a horizontal line AB
• Draw an oblique line from a with an acute
angle 
• Mark the point D on the oblique line
• Draw a line parallel to AB from the point D
• From B draw a line parallel to AD to
intersect at C
Circle
• Divide the plane into 8 equal parts as in
figure
• Mark same length on each of the lines
• Connect the points in a curve to draw
the circle.
Pentagon
• Draw a semicircle and divide it into 5
equal sectors.
• Number it as shown in figure
• Mark the distance A-2 from the point 2
on the extended line A-3
• Similarly mark the distance A-2 from
the point 5 on the extended line of A-4
• Connect the points with the straight line
to form a pentagon.
Hexagon
• Draw a freehand circle
• Divide it into 6 equal parts.
• Connect each point with a straight lines to
create a hexagon
• Sum of internal angles of a polygon is
(n-2)180.
Ellipse
• Draw a rectangle PQRS and mark the mid points
of sides
• Join the midpoints AB and CD as shown in
figure
• Divide the sides PQ and RS into any number of
equal parts. (say 8)
• Divide the line CD into same number of equal
parts.
• Draw oblique lines from points A and B to each
points on side PQ an RS as shown in figure.
• Number the intersecting points.
• Join the points with a smooth curve to
form an ellipse
Cube
• Draw two oblique lines OA and OB with
equal lengths from the point O at 300
with horizontal.
• Draw BC parallel to OA and AC parallel
to OB
• Draw vertical lines from each of the
vertices OABC
• Mark the distance OA on each of the
vertical lines drawn from the vertices
• Name the marked points as DEFG
• Join the marked points with straight line
to form a cube.
Hexagonal Prism
• Draw a rhombus with acute angle 600 and
obtuse angle 1200
• Name it as ABCD
• Mark the mid points on AB and CD as P and
S respectively
• From mark points Q and R on BC at equal
distance from vertices B and C respectively.
• Similarly mark points T and U on AD at
equal distance from vertices D and A
respectively.
• Join the points PQRSTU to form a
hexagon
• Draw vertical lines from each of the
points P,Q,R,S & T
• Mark equal lengths on each of the vertical
lines and name it as H,I,J,K,L & M.
• Join these points to form a hexagonal
prism
Pentagonal Pyramid
Method 1
• Draw a rhombus ABCD with acute angle
600 and obtuse angle 1200
• Mark the mid points of AB, BC and DC
as P, Q & R respectively
• Mark the points S and T at equal distance
from the vertexes D and A respectively
on AD
• Join the points PQRST to form a
pentagon
• Draw a line OM from the geometrical
center of the Rhombus
• Draw oblique lines from M to P,Q,R,S &
T respectively to make a pentagonal
pyramid.
Method 2
• Draw a line PT at any length.
• Mark Q and S from the points P and T at
1080 respectively
• Take the length PT in a compass and draw
arcs from Q and S respectively
• The intersecting point is R
• Find the geometric center of the
pentagon by drawing bisectors to any
two internal angles and mark as O.
• From O draw a line 450 with horizontal
• Mark a point M on the line drawn
• From M draw Oblique lines to the
points P,Q,R,S &T to form a pentagonal
pyramid
Hollow Cylinder
• Draw a rhombus PQRS
• Draw vertical lines at equal lengths from
the points P,Q,R and S
• Join the end points to form a rhombus at
the top
• Inscribe two ellipses on each rhombus
• Draw vertical tangents through the end
points of the major axis of the ellipse
• Similarly draw two rhombuses with same
geometrical center as previous one
• Inscribe two small ellipses concentric to
the larger ones
• Draw vertical tangents through the end
points of the major axis of the bottom
ellipse as hidden lines.
Cone
• Draw a rhombus PQRST
• Inscribe an ellipse inside the rhombus
• Draw the diagonal to rhombus to get the
geometrical center and mark as O
• Draw a perpendicular line from O at a
certain length and mark M on the line
• From m draw two oblique line tangent
to the ellipse to form a cone.
Frustum
• Draw a rhombus PQRS
• Draw the diagonals and mark the
intersecting point as O
• From O draw a perpendicular line at a
certain length and mark a point M on the
line.
• M as geometrical draw another rhombus
smaller than the previous one
• Inscribe ellipses on both the rhombuses
• Draw oblique lines tangent to the ellipses
Freehand sketching of tools

Ball pien hammer

Cutting Plier
Nose round plier
Rawl
Screw Driver
Scriber
Micrometre
Vernier Callipers
Transferring Dimensions
FASTENERS
HEXAGONAL NUT
Square Nut
Bolt
Screws
Rivets
THANK YOU