Lesson 10 (Part 4)

Jose Rizal
Second Sojourn going to Europe

Prepared by: SAS Faculty Baby Grace R. Abad J.D.

Topics
I. Jose Rizal First Sojourn Going to Europe; (France and
Germany); (1882-1887); (Lesson 10 Topic 2).
II. Jose Rizal First Homecoming in the Philippines); (1887-
1888); (Lesson 7; Topic 2);
III. Jose Rizal Second Sojourn Going to Europe; (Brussels and
Madrid); (1888-1892); (Lesson 10 Topic 2).
IV. Jose Rizal Second Home-coming in the Philippines. (1892-
1896). (Lesson 10 Topic 2).
Rizal’s in Asia and American Tour
• Jose Rizal in Hong Kong;
• From the Philippines, Rizal went to Hong Kong where he stayed for three days.
• Rizal saw its shipping and commercial centers.
• Rizal met Manuel Iriarte and Jose Maria Basa who were exiled due to their
alleged involvement in the Cavite Mutiny in 1872.
• Rizal, through his tour in the place, found out that the Dominican
congregation was also engaged in business, since they owned 750 or more
business houses, earning millions of money in Hong Kong commercial places.
• On the 19th of February 1888, Rizal boarded the boat “Kiu-Lieng” that took
him to Macao.
Rizal in Macao
• Rizal had a short stay in Macao, with his friends Jose Sainz de Veranda
and Jose Maria Basa.
• Jose Rizal description of Macao of that time was: "The city of Macao is
small, low and marshy.
• Rizal visited the Grotto of Camoens and the botanical garden.
• On February 22, 1 888, he boarded the Steam Ship “Oceanic” bound
for Japan.
Rizal in Japan
• On February 28, 1888, Rizal arrived in Yokohama, Japan; Rizal lived in the
Charge d'affaires of Spain in the country, from February up to April 1888.
• While in Japan, Rizal had a friend named Tetcho Suehiro a newspaperman
and chief editor of some Japanese newspapers. It was there when Rizal
studied in his best capability the Japanese language, visited Japanese
theaters and made drawings of flowers and panoramic views.
• Rizal also adopted the Japanese technique in drawing. Rizal was also
amazed of the good values of the Japanese people.
• In his stay in the country, Rizal had a close and intimate relationship with a Japanese
woman named O Sei- San (Seiko Usui).
• The following lines manifest the love of Rizal to the Japanese woman;

To you I dedicated the final chapter of these memoirs of my youth.

No woman, like you, has ever loved me.
No woman like you has ever sacrificed for me,
Like a flower of the chodji that falls
from the stem fresh and whole without
falling leaves or without withering-with,
poetry despite it's fall-thus you fell.

• Rizal left Japan in April 13, 1888, and boarded the ship S.S Belgic, bound for
the United States of America.
Rizal in America
• Rizal arrived in the United States of America on April 27, 1888 and
after a few days of quarantine, on May 4, 1888 all passengers of the
S.S. Belgic were allowed to disembark.
• Rizal registered in the Palace Hotel, and in his two (2) days stay in San
Francisco, Rizal viewed the Golden Gate and the San Francisco market
place.
• On May 6, 1888, Rizal boarded a regular ferryboat going to Oakland.
Then he transferred to a train heading towards Sacramento, and then
to Nevada on May 7,1888, where he saw the Indian attire and semi-
Indian suit.
• On May 8, 1888, the train passed through Ogden where Rizal viewed Salt Lake City.
• On May 9, 1888, the train arrived at Colorado where he saw thick pines and tunnels.
• On May 10, the train arrived in Nebraska where he saw the Missouri River.
• On May 1 1 in Chicago, Rizal saw the Niagara Falls.
• On May 13, the train arrived in Albany City and there Rizal viewed the Hudson River. The
last city Rizal visited was New York where he stayed for three (3) days.
• Rizal toured the memorial of George Washington and viewed the Statue of Liberty.
• Rizal toured America for twenty (20) days before he left and boarded the ship City of
Rome bound for Europe in May 16, 1888.
• Rizal's impression of America during that time “is the land par excellence of freedom but
only for the whites”.
Jose Rizal in Europe
• Jose Rizal in England;
• The ship city of Rome, where 'Jose Rizal was one or its passenger, arrived
in Liverpool on May 25, 1888.
• Rizal slept at the Adelphi Hotel, and the following day, he boarded a train
bound for London where upon his arrival, he boarded and paid his rents
for 45 pesos in Philippine value in the house of the Beckett family.
• In this city, he meet the friend of Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr.
Reinhold Rost, a biographer, librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Through Dr. Rost, Rizal gained access to British Museum Library.
• He was able to study the history of the Philippines from its roots. One
of the books he read, painstakingly copied by hand and annotated,
was the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the
Philippine Islands). It was written in 1609 by Antonio de Morga, a
former judge in the Philippines.
• Rizal believed the book to be appropriate and without prejudice in
describing the country and its early inhabitants during the time of the
Spanish conquest.
• In Rizal's history readings at the British Museum Library, Rizal compared Morga's
work with other books that he read interestingly, that of Caspar de San Agustin
entitled Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas (Conquest of the Philippine Island)
which was an account of the Philippine conquest from 1565-1615 which was
published in Madrid in the year 1696.
• Rizal gave his comment: “I am reading Gasper de San Agustin. He is very
detailed. Only he is very pessimistic to the Indio (Filipino). I find him too
patriotic (to Spain).
• Rizal also read the work of Martin de Rada who wrote a letter to the King of
Spain about the condition of the Indio’s: Rizal commented: “It seems to me that
Martin Rada must read with a grain of salt, because I believe he exaggerates.
• In another book: entitled Relasyon de las Islas Filipinas (The Philippines in
the 1600) written by Fr. Pedro Chirino, Rizal notes "I find Chirino too pro-
friar and at times too childish. He tells fairy stories, believing that religion
would be beter and stronger with these, which are entirely out of place
over there (Philippines)”.
• Other books that Rizal had read: Les Chinois peints par euxmemes (The
Chinese Portrayed by Themselves) by Tseng-Kie-Tong, is what Rizal
described the book “I find it very witty”.
• Memoria sobre el ramo de Montes a book featuring the memoir of Vidal y
Soler. Rizal notes, "Soler becomes furious when the Indio’s defend their
wretched lands against the Spaniards.
• It is clear, that Rizal was interested and overwhelmed in reading many books about the
Philippines and its history written by the first Spaniards who came to the country. A
manifestation of this interest was when a new Filipino newspaper was launched in Barcelona,
the "Espana En Filipinas" in 1838.
• Rizal was offered as the paper’s editor. He declined through a letter to Mariano Ponce; Rizal
explained:
 With regard to the newspaper,
I appreciate very much your invitation,
but I am more or less engaged to manage one.
Now I am devoting myself day and night
to certain studies for I should not
want to manage any periodical without possessing
some knowledge about the country (Philippines),
its history, and its government.
  Regarding the management of Espana en Filipinas,
am greatly honored by what you tell me.
I shall always be at the service of my country
and what my fellow countrymen
think I can do, I shall do.

• On, September 1888, Rizal visited Paris to witness the city’s exhibit entitled Bibliotheque
Nacionale. Later, he spent his time with the family of Juan Luna in December 11, 1888.
• Rizal also visited Madrid and Barcelona for 12 days.
• In this occasion, Rizal had meetings and acquaintance with compatriots such as Marcelo
H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, where he discussed Philippine concerns and problems;
aftewards, he rushed back to London to join the Beckett family for their Christmas
celebration.
The Active Propagandist
• When Rizal returned to London, his compatriots in Barcelona founded
a new society called La Solidaridad, The society was formally
inaugurated on December 31, 1888, after its first election where Rizal
was voted as Honorary President. The following year the society
announced its newspaper called the La Solidaridad or SOL in
Barcelona, Spain, As an active contributed the following works in the
SOL while in London;
• La Vision del Fray Rodriquez (The Vision of Fr. Rodriguez);
 Published in the SOL under the pen name Dimasalang. This work was written in a satire
form, presenting the exchanged or discussion between St, Agustin and Fr. Rodriguez. In
this satire, St. Agustin called him stupid and informs God about it.

• Sulat sa mga Kababaihan ng Malolos (A Letter to the Women of Malolos);

 Through the request of Marcelo H. del Pilar, Rizal wrote his personal message and
praised the young women of Malolos for their persistence and initiatives to receive
lessons in Spanish language, despite the opposition of the friars, who owned the
educational institutions in Bulacan.
 Rizal wrote the essay dated February 22, 1889.
 In this work, Rizal shared his views of the role of women in building Philippine society.
• Rizal hailed the Filipino women for their strength and love of honor on which
he stated that such virtues should be embodied co their children for hope in
the future that would open them to enlightenment.
• He taught the Filipina mother the values that she should inculcate to her
child.
• He explained that these values would strengthen the child when difficult
times come in his future, thus, giving honor to the country.
Ma-Yi
• This historical writing of Rizal covers his definitive interpretation of his
readings on Ma-Yi, the first Chinese name for the Philippines.
• Historians today point to Mindoro as Ma-Yi, Rizal stated this already in
an intelligent study, Rizal notes; "Perhaps be Lingayen; Mindoro," The
article was published in December 6, 1888.
Rizal Receives Sad News from the Philippines

• On, September 1888, Rizal received a cable from his compatriots in

Hong Kong that Noli Me Tangere was banned in the Philippines, and
that a student who was caught having a copy was deliberately jailed in
Bilibid prisons.
• Added to this ruthless treatment of the Noli in the Philippines, stores,
houses of Filipino priests and officials were searched to rid Manila and
Cavite of the radical novel.
• When Rizal left for Europe in February of 1888, the case of Rizal’s
family and the people of Calamba were left to Paciano Rizal and his
brother-in law Manuel T. Hidalgo.
• The family took Ambrocio Rianzarez to defend them, but he backed
out because of fear of the Dominican friars.
• Felipe Bueneamino Sr. who had connections in the Royal Audencia of
Manila accepted the case, and he was able to get a settlement with
the Dominican Corporation. On the conditions that the tenants and
family of Rizal in Calamba would pay the amount asked by the friars.
• According to the memoirs of Buencamino when the Calamba tenants
and family of Rizal in the Philippines consulted Jose Rizal through a
cable in Europe about the proposed settlement, Rizal disapproved the
friar proposal.
• Buencamino stated in his memoirs the principled position of Rizal.
Buencamino wrote: I told therefore Dr. Rizal’s family that I could not, under in
any manner, continue their defense because it would be useless for the object
what Dr. Rizal proposed.
• Added to this, was the arrival of Governor General Wayler Valiriano, a
well known staunch supporter of friars in the Philippines. Governor
Wayler used military will to enforce the Dominican Corporation’s
terms to the Rizal’s family and the tenants of Calamba.
• The Spanish Government and the Catholic Church in the Philippines
punished Rizal’s family in Calamba.
• It imposed the following sad incidents:
1. Rizal received a letter from his family informing him of the death of Mariano
Herbosa, his brother-in-law, who was denied of Christian burial for failure to
attend confession and he being related to Rizal.
2. On October 6, 1888, the brother-in-law of Rizal, Manuel T. Hidalgo; was
banished without trial by the Spanish government in Tagbilaran, Bohol,
together with some townmates in Calamba.
Rizal in Paris
• In the middle of March 1889. Jose Rizal left the Beckett family in
London and proceeded to Paris, France.
• Rizal’s arrival in Paris was the birth of the organization he conceived
through his correspondence with Blumentritt.
• Jose Rizal called it Kidlat, because it was formed fast like a lightning.
• The name of the Organization was International Association of
Filipinologist, with the primary objective was to study the Philippines
from the scientific and historical point of view.
• The following were its directing committee:
President--------------------------Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)
Vice- President ------------------Mr. Edmund Plauchut (Anglo-German)
Councilor--------------------------Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)
Councilor--------------------------Dr. Antonio Regidor (Filipino- Spanish)
Secretary-------------------------- Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)
• The project of the organization conceived by Rizal was the exposition
of the Philippine Islands in August 1889, converting the following
topics:
Pre- Spanish Philippines;
Conquest of Spain;
Incorporation of the Philippines;
Cavite Mutiny; and
Languages in the Philippines.
• After the success of the Kidlat.
• Rizal formed another organization named Indios Bravos “I.B”. It’s
members were tasked to manifest physical prowess to gain the
inspiration of foreigners and highlight the Filipino race.
• Its members were Rafael Ventura, brothers Juan and Antonio Luna,
Trinidad de Tavera and the Boustead family.
• After organizing the “I.B”,
• Rizal formed another group that aimed for the redemption of the
Malay race, through the help of Filipins abroad. He named it with the
following initials “RDLM” or “Redemption of the Malay Race”.
• It was the stand of the society that education is an important factor
towards enlightenment, thus, attain reform in the country.
• The following are the observations of Dr. Leoncio Rizal, the nephew of
Jose Rizal on his studies about RDLM.
 Observations of Dr. Leoncio Rizal about “RDLM”;

To settle and find a colony of Filipinos in Borneo,

not merely to have a place where could live and
work with liberty as well as free themselves
from the oppressive conditions in the Philippines.
Rizal’s Prolific Works while in Paris
• A La Defensa (To the Defense);
• This article dated April 30, 1889, Rizal defended Mr. Patricio de la
Escorsura, former Royal Commissary to the Philippines, His memoir
contained the following facts: authorities overlooked friar
contaminations of government officials to commit abuses-against-the
Indio and he hopes to neutralize the opinion of the religious orders.
La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All)
• This article was published in the La Solidaridad, dated May 31, 1889.
Jose Rizal criticized the weak Spanish government in the Philippines
and the friars whom he considered bad teachers for the Filipino who
stands for the Catholic Church.
Vicente Barrantes' Teatro Tagalo
• The article was published in the La Solidaridad dated June 15, 1889, when Rizal
criticized the article of Vicente Barrantes that downgraded the Filipino dignity.
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippine
Islands)

• In this book, Rizal highlighted the Philippines and hailed the impartial
view of its author, Antonio Morga. The book came out of press and
published in 1889.
Filipino Grajero (Filipino Farmer)
• In this article, Rizal discusses the case of the Filipino farmer who has
to struggle with problems such as locust, floods, fires and bad
harvest.
• The worst of Rizal's story was the Filipino Farmer continues to
struggle with Spanish tyrants in the government and Catholic Church
Corporations who owned the land where he pays rents.
• The article was published in March 25, 1889.
Una Profanacion (A Profanation)
• In this article which was dated July 31, 1889, Rizal presented
examples of the sins of the Catholic Church through its Catholic
Corporation in Calamba.
• Rizal stated his argument that, even if one follows the teachings of
the Catholic Church of that time, you will be punished if you failed to
pay the rent of the land owned by the Church of God.
Inconsequecias (Inconsequences)
• This article was written by Rizal for the La Solidaridad dated
November 30, 1889.
• Rizal defended Juan Luna and his brother Antonio Luna. He gave this
important message of that time "that our mothers without the writer
of the article weep and weep a thousand times for not being able to
give us any other thing except the unfortunate country where we
were born."
Specimen of Tagal Folklore

• This work was published by the Trubner's Record on who's editor was Dr. Rost, a
journal devoted for Asian literature in July 1889.
• In this work Jose Rizal stated proverbial sayings in Tagalog.
• The following lines are excerpts from the saying:

(Proverbial Sayings)
Malakas ang bulong sa sigaw, (low words are stronger than loud words)
Ang laki sa layaw karaniwa'y hubad, (a petted child is generally naked) (i.e. poor)

Hampa’s ng Magulang ay nakatataba (parents' punishment makes one fat).

Ibang hari, ibang ugali, (new king, new fashion)
Ang naglalakad ng marahan, matinik ay mababaw, (he who walks slowly, though he may put his foot
on a thorn, will not be hurt very much) (Tagals mostly go barefooted)
Puzzles
Isang butil ng palay sikip sa buong bahay (One rice-corn fills up all house. — The light. The rice-
corn with the husk is yellowish).
Matapang ako sa dalawa, duag ako sa isar (l am brave against two, coward against one.- The
bamboo bridge. When the bridge is made of one bamboo only, it is difficult to pass over, but when
it is made of two or more. it is very easy).
Verses
Kahoy na tiko at buktot
Hutukin hanggang malambot
Kapag tumaas at tumayog
Mahirap na ang paghutok

(Put straight the curved and crooked tree while it is tender; afterwards when it is grown and high
you can no longer bend it).
Por Telefono (The Telephone)
• This satire dedicated by Rizal to Fr. Salvador Font, an Augustinian friar;
who was the parish priest of Tondo, Manila and was noted for his
notorious disobedience to the rules of his congregation. Just like
Father Rodriguez, he was also a detractor of Rizal's Noli. This work
was published in booklets in August 1889.
Crueldad (Cruelty)
• In this article which was published in the SOL on August 15,1889, Rizal
explained the ungrateful task to intervene in a dispute and defend
persons who were neither armless nor defenseless.
Differencius (Differences)
• This article which was published in La Solidaridad in September 15,
1889, Rizai differentiated the term status quo and estatu quo and
later asked the government for order; that it should have the power
to control the friars and comply with statutes of government orders.
Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (Philippines a Century Hence)
• Rizal presented the issue of the colonial problem in the Philippines,
and its impact to the political and cultural aspect of the Filipinos.
• Rizal presented the view based on his analysis of the past and looked
at the Philippines within a century.
• The article was published in September 30, 1889 to February 1, 1890.
• Below are the short description of topics in the essay:
In the discussion of the essay, Rizal explained the plight and misery of Filipino
people under the Spanish yoke. Rizal stated that the past actions of the
Spaniards in sending Filipinos to work and battles had caused considerable
gripping and retrogression in aspects of the Filipino life.
He pointed in the essay, the loss of the Filipino past culture, religion and
adhere to the culture of the Spaniards. This resulted to the Filipino to became
submissive and passive to their own self worth. Rizal stated the impact of
Spanish conquest to the Filipino dignity and culture, which is still very strong
up to this era of Filipinos.
Rizal also blamed the Spaniards why such sporadic but dangerous revolts such
as Malong, Palaris, Diego Silang and others happened in the country. Though
unsuccessful, the revolts represented the following problems and future
prediction according to Rizal: Duties, taxes and contributions increase without
corresponding increase in rights, privileges and liberties, or an assurance of
the continuation of the new existing ones.
An important part of the essay was Rizal's discussion on the willingness Of
Filipinos to be awakened forcing the new century and manifest new vigor and
high hopes in education directly provided by Spain.
Rizal presented to the Spanish authorities in Spain and the Philippines a stern
warning of what would happen to the country if the call for reforms in the
Philippines would fail into deaf ears.
Important lines of the essay: Today, there is a factor, which did not exist
before. The national spirit has awakened, and a common misfortune and a
common abasement have united all inhabitants of the Islands.
It counts on a large enlightened class with and without the archipelago, a
class crested and augmented more and more by stupidities of certain rulers
who compel the inhabitants to expatriate themselves, to seek education
abroad- a class that perseveres and struggles, thanks to the official
provocations and the system of persecution.
This class whose number is increasing progressively is in constant
communication with the rest of the Islands, and as of today constitutes its
entire nervous system and demonstrates its existence in all its acts.
Enlightenment is spreading and its prosecution encourages it. No, the divine
flame of though is inextinguishable among the Filipino people, and in some
way or another it has to shine and make itself known. It is not possible to
brutalize the inhabitants of the Philippines.
To La Patria
• This article was published in the La Solidaridad dated November 15,
1889. Jose Rizal stated his insults to the newspaper that was funded
by the friars in the Philippines named La Patria.
• He corrects their grammars and challenges the writer to reveal his
identity.
Llanto y Risas (Tears and Laughter)
• In this article which was published in the La Solidaridad dated
November 30, 1889.
• Jose Rizal stated his views on the miseries of the Philippines, wherein
he discussed this in a prayer format.
Ingratitude (Ingratitude’s)
• The article was published in the La Solidaridad dated January 15,
1890, wherein Rizal replied using his case in the Calamba Hacienda to
the statement of Governor-General Valeriano Weyler.
• “That the towns of Laguna should not allow themselves to be deluded
by the vain promises of ungrateful sons”.

• End……………………………….
• Soar- High Emilians……….
Sources
• De Viana, Agusto (2019). Laon- Laan, A guide for study and
understanding of the life and contributions of Jose Rizal to Philippine
nationhood and society. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
• Zaide & Zaide (2011). Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist and National Hero. 2nd Ed. All nations Publishing Co.,
Inc. Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines .
• J.A Lopez & A.E Paras.,(2010). Rizal Life Works and Writings of the
Greatest Malayan 3rd Edition. HisGoPhil Publishing House, Inc.