Router manual upgrade

•From Files
•Drag and drop
to files
•Reboot

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Import and Export

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NTP(Network Time Protocol)
To upgrade time from internet or local NTP
server
For logging and graphing
Router OS have both NTP Server and Client
NTP Server need package installing
NTP Client in system->NTP Client and add
NTP address time.nist.gov

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DNS Client and Cache
Can be DNS-Server
Minimize DNS resolution time
Adding DNS address to router
Click “Allow remote request” check box to
use as DNS-Server
The DNS configuration provided to
DHCP ,PPPOE and Hotspot

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DHCP lease process

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DHCP Client

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DHCP Client

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DHCP Server Step 1

There is one DHCP server can be configured per interface

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Step 2

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DHCP Static Lease

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Bandwidth management

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Speed limiting
Router controls the rate of data by dropping
packets
Simple queue is the easiest way
One can limit
Client Rx (download)
Client Tx (upload)
Both(aggregate)by using Total-Max-limit

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Simple Queue

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Simple Queue

Simple Queue basic parts are Target address and Max-Limit

That speed is dedicated its just make a Max-Limit Queue don’t guarantees15
Burst
Ensure batter QoS

Allow higher data rates (exceed the max-limit for

period of time)

To calculate the actual burst time

Actual Time=burst time/(burst limit/burst

threshold)
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PCQ
PCQ was introduced to optimize massive QoS systems, where
most of the queues are exactly the same for different sub-
streams. For example a sub-stream can be download or upload
for one particular client (IP) or connection to server.
PCQ parameters:
pcq-classifier (dst-address | dst-port | src-address | src-port;
default: "")  : selection of sub-stream identifiers
pcq-rate (number) : maximal available data rate of each sub-
steam
pcq-limit (number) : queue size of single sub-stream (in KiB)
pcq-total-limit (number) : maximum amount of queued data
in all sub-streams (in KiB)
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Hard rate limit

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ARP
Its used to associate MAC to IP addresses
ARP requester send broadcast frame asking about
destination MAC
The destination respond to requester sending
direct frame filling its MAC address and save
requestor MAC address in ARP Table
IP -> ARP
Static entry can added if ARP is disabled
Used only with IPv4
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ARP Table

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Thanks