Sea Spy

Keywords: Coral reefs, Sedimentation, pH, UV Intensity,

Temperature, IoT system, Real-time monitoring

Abstract
Climate change is a global problem that distinctly affects Egypt. Among its repercussions is sea
water rise and water acidification, which harms marine life, particularly coral reefs.
In fact, several causes, including an increase in CO2, are responsible for climate change. According
to research, coral reefs absorb 33% of the CO2 created by burning fossil fuels and contribute 50% of
the oxygen that the oceans produce. This led to the conclusion that conserving coral reefs is a
method to slow down climate change in addition to being required to maintain biological balance.
With focusing on reducing and adapting to climate change effects and improving scientific and
technological environment for all. A solution was selected based on one of many prior solutions
implemented with much same mechanism which is the “connected mangroves” project. The project
was to utilize IOT in monitoring mangroves vitality.
With some improvements, our project is a system of critical measurements to track the conditions
in which coral reefs thrive, based on the early warning technique, with periodic measurements and
24/7 data analysis. Then the data is compared to the fundamental information about the suitable
conditions in which that animal lives.
Four design requirements were identified to guarantee the project's effectiveness: efficient real-
time monitoring, signal to noise ratio, dynamic coverage range, and system isolation.
These designed standards were put to the test in different manners, and the results showed that
the system is a dependable tool with solar energy serving as its permanent power source, meeting
the specification for system isolation.
First stage: Preparing the prototype.
1- The boat was 3D-Designed using (SketchUp) software as shown in
figure(1) to get a view of how it will look like and a cardboard model to
make it easier to implement by placing the sticks over it and glue them.
2- The sticks are placed and glued together as shown in figure(4) and
planned where every components will be installed like the batteries, Solar
panels, Arduino, breadboard and the sensors. And hang down the
temperature sensor as an anchor for the boat. All that was done taking in
consideration the safety precautions as shown in figure(3).
Figure (1) 3D Design of the Prototype
Second stage: Connecting and coding.
1- The four sensors (UV, pH, temp, gas) were connected to the Arduino
along with the leds, the 16x2 screen and the Buzzer as shown in figure(2).
2- The Arduino was coded with a ~200-line code connected with a Bluetooth
module that transfers the data and communicates with the phone app
wirelessly with simple GUI. Code link: (https://bit.ly/Sea-Spy-Project-Code)
3- The sensors were placed at their right places to function with its maximum
accuracy of reading, taking in consideration the safety precautions with theFigure (2) Arduino Connections
supervision of the fab lab engineer as shown in figure(3)
4- Glass box, UV flashlight, and water heater were borrowed from the school
fab lab to perform the test plan.
Test plan:
-The first test plan (Real-time monitoring) is to place the prototype on sea
surface and make changes on the parameters and observe the readings of
Analysis
The problem was to address the negative consequences of climate changes by making an IoT
system applying communication and information science. After researching and discussing it was
Conclusion
decided to address the negative effects on Coral reefs by making a device that monitors the
Sustainable development is increasingly threatened by climate change. The ability of agriculture to
conditions of the coral reefs and notify if there’s a threat or danger on its life to suggest an action
feed the world and the progress made toward eradicating hunger, malnutrition, and poverty could
to save it. Design requirements were set, and solution was chosen as follows: both be substantially endangered by the projected effects of climate change.
The solution was selected to Future prospects for coral reefs are challenging and unclear. The Earth is on track to rise by 2.5
place a UV sensor, pH sensor, degrees Celsius by 2100, which would be sufficient to destroy 99% of the world's coral reefs,
and CO concentration sensor according to a recent UN climate report. So, preserving them is a way to lessen the effects of
on a floating boat-like base climate change.
made of subsea plastic on the And after the test and results, it is concluded that the system has many qualities making it reliable
water above the monitored in such a mission. The prototype can monitor the parameters of a circle with an average radius of
area of coral reefs. A 12.4 m, covering an area of 483 m2, which is the first aspect of coverage range.
Temperature sensor will be Real-time monitoring is also effective because the system is powered by sustainable solar energy
hanging down from the floating and floats on a boat with an anchor to keep it in place and makes it an anti-noise system, unlike the
base with an anchor all the way previous method of connected mangroves, which required wired power sources. The project's
down near the coral reefs to ability to monitor coral reefs using the coded data or to monitor other marine species by altering
sense an accurate temperature the coded data is another benefit of the IOT technology.
of the environment as shown
Figure (5) Last but not least, this system is merely a pre-alert tool for preserving an organism against climate
in figure(5). The UV light intensity is increasing due to change, not a solution to the causes of the problem. The system's mechanism is split into three
thinning of Ozone layer. When the UV rays contact stages: safe mode, threatened mode, and danger mode. In safe mode, all coral reef conditions are
the water it decomposes the CO2 in the water resulting CO concentration to Figure (6) within the normal range, indicating that there have been no changes to the coral reef's
increase as shown in the reaction figure(6) which has an effect on the pH value of the water. environment. In threatened mode, a slight change in the parameters occurred in a specific range

Introduction
the sensors real-time, observing the interactions between the variables (UV, Figure (3) Safety Precautions
pH, Temp, gas). This test is to make sure sensors are placed correctly and 2
trials were performed to observe relations between the variables.
-The second test (The Isolation) is to make a change on a parameter that is
not being sensed which is the TDS. This parameter should only effect on the
Reducing and adapting to the effects of climate change, improving the scientific and
pH of the water. 3 trials were done to observe whether other parameters
technological environment for all, and addressing pollution fouling our air, water, and soil are all
were affected or not, knowing that only pH should be affected.
challenges that will stall Egypt's progress in all fields if it stayed for 10 more years. The effects of
After analyzing the results, it was found that the device is monitoring set as PH when it decreases than 8.5 by a range of 1 unit, this is a threat to coral reefs that has not
the conditions real-time comparing the change on all parameters with 12.4 meter yet killed it, so the system processes that and sends a message with the changed parameter and
the suggested solution, which is "Track the issue." When a coral reef is in danger mode, it means
observable relations as shown in figure(8) and figure(9) achieving the
that an observable change has occurred that is killing it through sedimentation, and the suggested
first design requirement as well as making sure of isolation to make
solution when it is a serious condition is to transplant that species of coral reef in conditions offered
signals clear with minimum interruptions. However, the third design
by the system of the pH range, temperature range, UV range, and gas level.
requirement results (483 m² coverage area) were not that satisfying as Figure (7)
it was expected to achieve larger coverage area of 1 km² or more for

Recommendations
-In the third test (physical range) the prototype was placed in a pool sensing
climate change are a major concern that must be addressed which have its branched impacts. the device. That gap was not expected at first, but after the observation
the conditions while placing other sensor far away from it and compare the Hexagonal cells shape for
If greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced and ocean warming is not slowed, 99% of the readings. The farthest place that gives the same readings is the Maximum of how the prototype works in real life, it was different in 2 aspects:
perfect distribution
world's coral reefs will be gone by the end of the century. Reefs are already under serious range of monitoring and decide if it’s satisfying or not. 1- The specific heat of the water was large (4184
threat of extinction. Figure (4) Prototype Construction J/kg.C°) not letting the heat penetrate water UV pH CO
reaching to the temperature sensor as much as 1- Adding cameras to the project so that the receiver not only receives data and numbers, but also
Coral reefs are one of the most important organs in the ecosystem, producing approximately

Sensors Reading Scale

live videos about what is happening deep down in the sea, as some plastic bottles and items may

Results
55% of the total oxygen produced on Earth. Recent climate change has put these coral reefs in expected.
become stuck in coral reefs and be difficult to detect with sensors, so cameras will aid in detecting
risk, which will eventually eliminate them from our world. 2- One device was used in the tests which is the any plastics using AI.
There were numerous solutions to address relevant problems, such as connected mangroves prototype, but a better idea was to place more 2- Adding a GPS system to the device so that it can precisely target and move to the location of the
and using IoT in measuring water quality parameters in fish farming. Each had its pros and cons. than one floating boat covering larger area coral reefs with the follow-up of the specific facility that holds the system, as well as to avoid any
Connected mangroves are one that is beginning with advantages such as effective real-time To perform the first test, the prototype was Table (2) systematically using hexagonal cells as learnt in sailing that could damage or sink the system. A full sea map is also required to add the GPS system.
monitoring, the ability to use in various agricultural masses, and self-sufficient renewable placed over a glass tank full of sea water. 2 trials UV
physics shown in figure(7) 3- Integrating AI to IOT to form a robot boat that moves freely in a specified range to reach the
Time Figure (8)
energy. However, the critical issue is the high cost, as well as the requirement for experts to were performed as the parameters that are able (Mins)s Intensity pH Temperatur
e (C°)
ppm% Although not all the design requirements were Time (Mins) dynamic range rather than placing each system every 483m² on the coastline which will preserve in
to be changed individually are the UV Intensity (mW/m²) achieved, the contribution in solving the grand
understand the GUI and decide actions. Graph showing relations between parameters efforts and will be easier in tracking and following with better data measured on different areas for a
and the Water temperature. 0 2.17 8.22 24.68 2% challenge is in presence. Regardless of the relatively comprehensive analysis.
After observing the prior solutions, it was decided to work on the idea of making a floating boat small coverage area, it’s still an effective solution to changing the UV Manually
In the 1 trial the UV Intensity was changed by
st
5 2.22 8.21 24.70 2% 4- Adding a feature of self-troubleshooting to make the device examine itself and detect if there is
that monitors the conditions of the coral reefs and predict if there is a threat to its living habitat keep the coral reefs in safe conditions and addressing
turning on the UV Flashlight from far away and UV pH CO Temp an error or damage that causes problems in sensing quality, including if the device has leaked water
using an IoT system that notifies users via a phone app to make an action to save the coral 10 3.56 8.17 24.73 3% the negative impact of climate change on coral reefs
getting closer to the prototype which increases

Sensors Reading Scale

reefs. The design requirements are identified as the Effective real-time monitoring, System 15 4.74 8.14 24.75 3% and life after all. inside or a sensor life-time has expired and need changing.
the intensity. On the other hand, the 2nd trial was
isolation (software and hardware), Physical monitoring range, and Signal to noise ratio. 20 5.23 8.11 24.78 3% A sample test was done increasing the TDS of water

Literature cited
about changing the temperature and observing
The prototype is a floating boat with all sensors attached to it over the ocean that covers and monitoring the pH of the water. This test was
its effect on other parameters. Data was 60 6.64 8.05 24.92 1%
specific area to monitor its conditions and compare it to coral reefs most suitable conditions addressing the second and forth design requirement.
collected as shown on Table(2) and Table(3). The 1st trial of the first test (Increasing UV intensity) The prototype floats stably and the pH parameter is the
and show the data on a simple GUI to decide what actions to do keeping the coral reefs safe. UV flashlight used provides 5 mW/m² at a Table (3) only one changed and regression model of data is
Furthermore, all these procedures were developed to achieve the design requirements. distance of 50cm. shown in figure(10). The SNR value gave an average of
UV
Time Temperatur
The second test was done by adding salts and (Mins) e (C°) pH Intensity ppm% 9.54 dB using the law SNR = 10 x log(signal/noise) Figure (9) Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2021). Using IoT (Internet of
(mW/m²) Time (Mins)

Materials & Methods

which is in the acceptable range achieving the forth Things) in measuring water quality parameters in fish farming.
soluble substances in the water to increase the
0 24.52 8.21 0.01 2% design requirement. Graph showing relations between parameters https://www.fao.org/teca/fr/technologies/10102
TDS of the water and it was found out that the
5 25.67 8.18 0.02 2% changing the Temperature Manually Global Coral Reef Alliance. (n.d.). Biorock™,Mineral Accretion Technology™, Seament™.
pH was increasing accordingly while other
parameters didn’t change as shown in Table(4). 10 26.13 8.16 0.01 3% https://www.globalcoral.org/biorock-coral-reef-marine-habitat-restoration/?
The third test (physical range) had a huge variety 15 26.81 8.13 0.01 3% Learning Transfer: gclid=Cj0KCQiA1sucBhDgARIsAFoytUu8z5NE6qZdmikRVIpbu3gI3nHmEW3Xh0opECgUl4HDDQ

pH Value Reading
Used to sense readings of Small screen used to show
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2 trial of the first test (Increasing Temperature) automatic response of a specific action like the
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Used as the micro- meter bathtub full of water, the initial temperature was recorded, then run the related to the action that Arduino sends which is Figure (10) https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/can-we-save-coral reefs?
Used to controlling system heater for 5 minutes and record the temp again to know the increase in heat. Increasing TDS gclid=Cj0KCQiA1sucBhDgARIsAFoytUtKVSfEdS5mPtO_Rgk08sYg_jbkWJe7sNhPp0yN0u4A0OXfR
Time
sense that executes the After that, the temp sensor is placed 3 meters away from the initial point of (Seconds)
pH the report sent after processing signals from Regression model for the pH sensor reading eqNDLgaAkMeEALw_wcB
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near the distance that the decay is 100%. This distance is the maximum range of 10 7.66 more efficient to use GPS rather than Bluetooth on a large scale because it will be a dynamic mangroves
coral
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the prototype and stability of signals and reduced noise of each sensor individually to the 40 7.19 associated related time rates. The results’ charts were based on these principles during testing of Banerjee, S., & Ghosh, D., & Maity, A. (2017). Pollution control using Internet of Things
Sensing power support minimum. Table (5) Second test (Changing TDS) the pH, gas, temperature, and UV sensors, then integrating all the readings and results in relation (IoT). 2017 8th Annual Industrial Automation and Electromechanical Engineering Conference
the UV to each other. PH.3.05-Understanding analog and digital data transmission techniques helped (IEMECON). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8079563/authors#authors
All data readings are with the Temp (C°)
light Temp (C°) Temp (C°) Percentage Expected transfer the data from the cables to the sensor through analog transmission and, more recently,
error of sensors’ internal Trial Measured 3 range

For Further Information

intensity before After decayed (%) from the Arduino to the monitor via digital transmission techniques like Wi-Fi. The fundamentals
Material noise from ±1% to ±3% each. meters further (meter)
To make of encoding and decoding were also beneficial for comprehending the communication in our
relations borrowed from
1st trial 18.13 23.22 19.32 23.4% 12.8 prototype. ST.3.01- Using the concepts of survey design and data collection to estimate
with the Used to sense the fabrication
Used in the process of sending lab to perform 2nd trial 21.42 25.78 22.52 25.3% 11.8 demographic parameters, the underlying real-world processes that produce the data we can
Ozone the gas rising Third test (Physical omarmnfy@gmail.com
signal waves to the phone app test plans 3rd trial 24.06 29.43 25.34 23.9% 12.5 perceive are described by population parameters.
which is CO2 range of monitoring) amrkhaledshishiny@gmail.com