Coordinated

Functions of
Nervous System
 What is Nervous System?
•NERVOUS SYSTEM
• It connects all your body parts
and transmits signals from one
part to another.
• It is a system of cells, tissues
and organs that regulates the
body’s responses to internal
and external stimuli.
 MAJOR DIVISIONS AND PARTS OF
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
 The CNS serves as the main processing
center for the entire nervous system.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
 The PNS connects the central nervous
system to the organs and limbs.
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
Two Main Components of the CNS
1.BRAIN
•This is an organ located
within the skull that
functions as organizer and
distributor of information
for the body.
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
BRAIN
It has three main parts:
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brainstem
 Cerebrum

 large, upper
part of the
brain that
controls activity
and thought.
 Cerebellum
the part under
the cerebrum
that controls
posture, balance,
and coordination
 Brainstem
the part that connects
the brain to the spinal
cord, and controls
automatic functions
such as breathing,
digestion, heart rate,
and blood pressure.
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
Two Main Components of the CNS
2. Spinal Cord
This serves as a channel for signals
between the brain and the rest of
the body and controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes without
input from the brain.
 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
It has two (2) main divisions:
1. Somatic Nervous System
this system is associated with the voluntary control of body
movements and has two main parts.
Spinal Nerves are nerves that carry motor and sensory signals
between the spinal cord and the body.
Cranial Nerves are the nerve fibers that carry information into
and out of the brain stem.
 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
It has two (2) main divisions:
2. Autonomic Nervous System
this system is associated with the involuntary control of
body movements and has two (2) sub-divisions.
Sympathetic – it is activated when the body is in a
dynamic role or stress. (eg. Increased heart rate and
breathing, dilation of pupil, sweating, etc)
Parasympathetic - it maintains body functions and
restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.
 Motor Neurons and Sensory Neurons
Motor Neurons
 transmit impulses from the brain to muscles,
glands, or other neurons in the peripheral
nervous system.
Sensory Neurons
 Transmit impulses from sensory nerves
(receptor) to the Central Nervous System (CNS).
Basic Parts of Neuron
 Basic Parts of Neuron
1.Dendrites
• carry impulses towards the cell body. A cell may
have as many as 200 dendrites carrying impulses
towards the body.
• Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning
of a neuron that help increase the surface area of
the cell body.
• These tiny protrusions receive information from
other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation
to the soma.
• Dendrites are also covered with synapses, a single
dendrite can be one (1) meter long.
 Basic Parts of Neuron
2. Cell Body (Soma) the
soma, or cell body
• is where the signals from the
dendrites are joined and passed on.
• The soma and the nucleus do not
play an active role in the
transmission of the neural signal.
• Instead, these two structures serve
to maintain the cell and keep the
neuron functional.
 Basic Parts of Neuron
3. Axon
• carry impulses away from the cell body.
Axon pass impulses to the dendrites of
other neurons or cell body of muscle
cells, can be grouped together into a
combination of an electrical charge and
a chemical reaction.
• It is not a flow of electricity, but an
electrochemical signal moving along a
neuron bee-like bundles called NERVES.
 THE NERVE IMPULSE
• Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulses.
Thoughts, emotions, learning, and many body functions are carried by nerve
impulses in the neurons.
• A nerve impulse is a combination of an electrical charge and chemical
reaction.
• A nerve impulse is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal
moving along a neuron.
• The Nerve Impulse cannot jump from one neuron to another. When a nerve
impulse comes to an end of an axon, it produces the chemical, called
NEUROTRANSMITTER to be released. The chemical crosses the space
between neurons called SYNAPSE and stimulates the nerve impulse to start
in the next dendrite.
 THE NERVE IMPULSE
• Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulses.
Thoughts, emotions, learning, and many body functions are carried by nerve
impulses in the neurons.
• A nerve impulse is a combination of an electrical charge and chemical
reaction.
• A nerve impulse is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal
moving along a neuron.
• The Nerve Impulse cannot jump from one neuron to another. When a nerve
impulse comes to an end of an axon, it produces the chemical, called
NEUROTRANSMITTER to be released. The chemical crosses the space
between neurons called SYNAPSE and stimulates the nerve impulse to start
in the next dendrite.
 THE NERVE IMPULSE

• The nerve impulse is sent

by neurotransmitters from
one neuron to another
through a gap called
“synapse”.
 THE NERVE IMPULSE

• The nerve impulse is sent

by neurotransmitters from
one neuron to another
through a gap called
“synapse”.
The Nervous System is assisted by five (5)
sense organs:
•Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, and Skin.
These sense organs are constantly
receiving information from the
environment and sending messages to
the brain. These senses aid in the
survival of human beings.
 Stimulus - Responses
• STIMULUS refers to any factor in the environment that may
trigger a nerve impulse. STIMULUS is received by the body and a
RESPONSE is made.
• RESPONSE on the other hand is a reaction to a stimulus.
Messages do not travel in both directions along the same neuron.
• Only the axon of the neuron releases neurotransmitters that cross
the space between neurons. Reaction Time is the length of time
between application of a stimulus and detection of a response.
 Quiz no. 3
1-15 What are the different parts and sub-parts of the
nervous system?
Draw a graphic organizer.
16-18 What are the three parts of neurons.
19-23 What are the sense organs
24. It connects all your body parts and transmits signals
from one part to another.
25. It is a combination of electrical charge and chemical
reaction.