WELCOME TO FIRE SAFETY AND

PREVENTION SEMINAR
0960-819-3964 / 0956-054-0212
SAN ANTONIO FIRE STATION
General Objectives
To promote the science behind fire protection and
prevention

To establish proper precautions and safeguards

against loss of lives and property caused by fire
Definition

FIRE
is an active principle of
burning characterized by
the heat and light of
combustion.
ELEMENT OF FIRE
 Bureau of Fire Protection
“FIRE TRIANGLE”
3 Components necessary for Burning

OXYGEN SOURCE
HEAT SOURCES

Approximately 21% To Reach Ignition

Temperature/ 20 watts
Required
Open Flame – The Sun
Normal air contains 21% Hot Surfaces
O2. 78% nitrogen, 1% Sparks and
Arcs Friction
other gases e.g. hydrogen – Chemical Action
helium ect.. Electrical Energy
Compression of Gases

PHYSICAL STATE

GASES LIQUIDS SOLIDS

Gasoline
Bulky –Finely Divided-Dust
Natural Gas
Propane Kerosene Coal Plastic
Butane Turpentine Wood Sugar
Hydrogen Alcohol
Cod Liver Oil Paper Grain
Acetylene Cloth Hay
Paint
Carbon
Varnish Wax Cork
Monoxide Lacquer
Others Grease Others
Olive Oil
Others Leather
 FIRE IS
 FIRE doubles every 30 sec under normal condition
 In as little as 3 min a small fire can erupt into a “FLASHOVER”
 Within a minute, air temp in a burning room can reach 300 degree Celsius.
This temperature is hot enough to melt clothes, skin and scorch lungs in one
breathe.
 Most people who died in fires, died means of suffocation by inhaling smoke
and toxic gases. They numb the senses and leave one dazed.
 Carbon monoxide- makes you disoriented and stop you from thinking
and breath. (example- LPG, gas products)
 Nitrogen oxide- makes you breathe faster, which removes the option of
holding your breath. ( example- tanks, factories, vehicles)
 Carbon dioxide- mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and throat
causing coughing and hackling.
Bureau of Fire Protection

Fires may be classified according to the type of materials that is burning:

Class A:
Ordinary Combustibles/Ash

 Wood
 Paper
 Plastic
 Rags
Class B: Surface Fire/
Boils

 Gasoline
 Oil
 Grease
 Paint
Class C: Electrical Fire/
Current

Electrical Fires
 Office Equipment
 Motors
 Switchgear
 Heaters
Class D: Combustible Metals

Metals Melting point

 Steel-2200F
 Aluminum-1890F
 Copper-1220F
 Magnesium
 Titanuim
Class K: Cooking Media

 Oils
 Fats
 Grease
Common Causes of Fire

 Electrical  Welding and

 Incendiarism / Cutting
Arson  Spontaneous
 Smoking Ignition
 Hot Surfaces  Static Electricity
 Friction
Phases of Fire Development

 Incipient

 Smoldering

 Open or Free Burning

 Heat stage
- Post Flashover
- Rollover
(1) Incipient Stage/
Growth Stage

There is no visible smoke or flame

(2) Smoldering Stage

There is smoke but no flame

(3) OPEN/FREE BURNING

There is smoke and flame

 (4) Heat Stage

There is uncontrolled superheated air.

Post Flashover
Rollover
 HEAT TRANSFER
Heat can travel throughout a burning building
by one or more of four methods:
1. Conduction
2. Radiation
3. Convection
4. Direct Flame
 CONDUCTION
Heat may be conducted from one body to another by
direct contact of the two bodies or by an intervening
heat conduction medium.
 RADIATION

Electromagnetic Waves Traveling Through

Space Until They Reach a Solid Object
 CONVECTION

Heat Transferred by
Movement of Heated Liquids or Gases
DIRECT
FLAME
CONTACT
Fire also spreads
along and through a
material that will
burn by direct flame
contact. When a
substance is heated
to a point where
flammable vapors
are given off, these
vapors may be
 Barriers
Examples:
Purpose of putting up barriers:
 Fire
Limitwalls
the area of a fire
 Fire doors
Retard the spread of fire
 Shutters or louvers
FIRE WALLS
FIRE DOOR
 SHUTTERS OR LOUVERS
Rolling Steel Folding Panel

Pivoting Slab (Awning)

Sectional Trolley
Methods of
Extinguishing Fire

 Understanding How Fire Can Be

Stopped
 EXTINGUISHING METHODS
Reducing Temperature/ Removing
Cooling Fuel/
Starving

Removing Inhibiting Chain

Oxygen/ Reaction
Blanketing
PARTS OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Remember the acronym,
“P.A.S.S."

 P
 A
 S
 S
 Pull the pin at
the top of the
extinguisher that
keeps the handle
from being
accidentally
pressed.
 Aim the nozzle toward the base
of the fire.
 Squeeze the handle to discharge the
extinguisher. If you release the handle, the
discharge will stop and Stand approximately 8 feet
away from the fire.
 Sweep the nozzle from side to side
Congratulations -- you did it!!!
 IF YOUR CLOTHES
ARE ON FIRE

STOP ! DROP ! ROLL !

QUESTIONS?