EDUCATION

Definition
 Plato: Physical and spiritual exercise in order to
achieve the beauty and the perfection.
 John Dewey: a process to form a fundamental
tendency of belief and feeling towards the universe
and among humans.
 Al-Jamali: a process to form a habit and attitude in
multidiscipline (spiritual, physical, mind, moral and
social) – man will obey all Allah’s commands.
 Khurshid Ahmad: an exercise for mind (‘aqliyyah),
physical and spiritual to form civilized and cultured
man who is willing to serve as a good human and
citizen.
 In Islam, “education” means an exercise or process
to form a perfect Muslim in terms of mind, physical,
spiritual and social aspects based on Islamic values
from al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah.
The Aim of Education
 To form a perfect individual in terms of
physical, spiritual, material and social
aspects in order to achieve a good life
before and after death.
 To obtain blessing from Allah.
 To make a man knows himself and the
Creator.
 To develop a country.
Concept of Education
 Rabbani concept: educate, form and
train a person in the aspects of physical,
spiritual, mind, akhlak and social
awareness to produce individuals who
possess perfection, iman and taqwa,
good moral, health, knowledge and
vocational skills.
The Philosophy of Education
 Evaluating, synchronizing and analyzing
all the problems regarding human life.
 Giving explanations and making
adjustments on the operation of
education.
 Forming perfect mind, in line with
nature, operation, motive and role of
education.
The Formal and Informal Institution of
Education
The Informal Institution
 The first Islamic institution of education was
“Dar al-Arqam”.
 The mosques were made as institutions of
education – besides as places for prayer.
 Al-Suffah is also used as institution of
education.
 Rasulullah (s.a.w.) sent at least 40 of his
Companions to be teachers to the community
outside Medina.
The Formal Institution
The Epoch of Bani Umayyah

 Islamic institutions of education are

mosques, “kuttab”, palaces and
houses.
 The government form “Bayt al-‘Ilm”
in Baghdad to bring in knowledge
from other countries through
translation.
The Epoch of Bani ‘Abbasiyyah

 During the ruling of Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma’mun,

the government formed a modern institution called
madrasah (school).
 That era was known as the golden years in education
and knowledge field.
 In the era of al-Mustansir, he founded an institution
called al-Mustansiriyyah in Baghdad.
 At the same time, Madrasah al-Nasiriyyah in Cairo
and Madrasah al-Nuriyyah in Damascus played the
same role as institutions of Islamic education.
 Education curriculum: besides aqidah and shari’ah, it
also covered mathematic, physic, chemistry,
astronomy, mantiq, philosophy, art, history, music
and architecture.
 Bayt al-Hikmah – the complete and greatest library -
was formed.
 Al-Azhar – the oldest university in the world.
Originally, was a mosque and later was proclaimed
as a university in 378 Hijrah.
The Formation of Education Institution in
Europe
 When Islamic government ruled Europe, they built
schools, educational institutions and universities.
 First medical school in Europe was in Barlmo, Italy.
 Cordova became the main intellectual and
administration centre in Andalusia.
 Christians continued to form universities.
 Alfonso VII formed the first translation center in
Toledo.
 After the falling of Andalusia to Scandinavian
(1091A.D), Islamic civilization was continually
preserved.
 King Roger I, Roger II and Frederick II formed
universities in Europe based on Islamic civilization
model.
The Institution of Education in the Malay
World
Informal
 Indonesia: surau
 Philippine: surau and teacher’s house
 Same in Malaya at that time.

 Formal
1. Pondok Education System
 The formal Islamic education system that has vast
influence in the Malay society.
 It developed from 18 A.D. to 20 A.D.
 Famous in Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis.
2. Madrasah Education System

 Had more systematic education system.

 The first madrasah founded was “al-
Madrasah al-Masriyyah in Bukit
Mertajam built in 1906.
Islamic Education in Malaysia Education
System
 There are 4 types of administration of Religious
School in Malaysia:
1. Sekolah Agama Rakyat (SAR) – formed and financed
by the people.
2. Religious School – administered by Majlis Agama
Islam and Zakat.
3. State Religious School – administered and financed
by state government.
4. Religious school – administered by Ministry of
Education.

 Based on Section 49 of Education Ordinance 1957:

 “Any schools that received grant from the
government and have 15 or more Muslim students,
Islamic education must be taught.”
Conclusion
 Islamic education has undergone many
processes of development from the era
of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) until
today. However, the concepts of
Islamic education are still same, which
are based on tarbiyyah, ta’lim, ta’dib,
irsyad and tadris.