SQUEEZE

CEMENTING &
CEMENT PLUGS
SETTING

Lesson 14
Paul Manzi
 SQUEEZE
CEMENTING
 BASIC OF SQUEEZE CEMENTING
The objective of squeeze cementing is to isolate areas of the well
bore or control fluid movement
Squeeze cementing is a process where an uncontaminated
cement slurry is pumped and under high pressure displaced
into a specified area of the well bore, for:
Control gas entry into an oil zone ( GOR control )
Control water entry into an oil or gas zone ( WOR or WGR control )
Repair a primary cement job ( isolation )
Repair casing leaks ( isolation )
Shut off thief zones ( isolation )
Block squeeze ( cement above and bellow ) a zone to be produced (isolation)
Abandon a depleted zone or well ( isolation )
 BASIC OF SQUEEZE CEMENTING
Squeeze cementing job can be classified into two categories :
1. High pressure squeeze -
When bottomhole treating pressure is higher than formation fracture
pressure, and the cement slurry is used to fracture formation

2. Low pressure squeeze -

Use low-water-loss cement slurry, and slurry is squeezed against the
formation pore pressure spaces until it dehydrates and sets
The bottomhole squeeze treating pressure is defined as :
P bottomhole treatment pressure = P wellhead + P hydrostatic - P friction
( The friction pressure during squeeze job is relatively low and is usually neglected in calculation )

P bottomhole treatment pressure = P wellhead + P hydrostatic

 BASIC OF SQUEEZE CEMENTING
When executing the squeeze, all planning and pre engineering
involved won't help the squeeze success unless its done with :
clean well servicing fluid
clean perforations ( if used )
uncontaminated cement
The keys to successfully pumping a squeeze cement slurry are :
Injectivity test results
To plan the job in therms of bottomhole pressures
To use a bottomhole pressure and cumulative
volumes injected as indicators of bottomhole events.
It is important to "think downhole"
Cement slurry thickening time should be at list 30 minutes
over the planed squeeze job time.
 INJECTIVITY TEST

Injecting, chosen fluid with a Injecting, chosen fluid with a

several different constant pump several constant pump pressures,
rates, for some period of time for some period of time and
and recording injctivity pressure recording pump rate injctivity for
for each injectivity rate each constant pressure

INJECTIVITY TEST WITH THE CONSTANT PUMP RATE INJECTIVITY TEST WITH THE CONSTANT PUMP PRESSURE

Pump Rate Time Fluid Type Pump Pressure Pump Pressure Time Fluid Type Pump Rate
lit/min min kPa kPa min lit/min
50 30 Dehydration water 2150 2000 30 Dehydration water 48
100 30 Dehydration water 4310 4000 30 Dehydration water 92
150 30 Dehydration water 6500 6000 30 Dehydration water 139
200 30 Dehydration water 8890 8000 30 Dehydration water 177
250 30 Dehydration water 10310 10000 30 Dehydration water 243
300 30 Dehydration water 12985 12000 30 Dehydration water 285
 A-B B-C C-D D-E-F F-G
SQUEEZE
CEMENTING
PROCEDURE
( STEP BY
STEP )

Stinger out Stinger out Fresh water Preflush Cement slurry

of Retainer Stinger into the Retainer of Retainer
 Point A
BEFORE SQUEEZE CEMENTING JOB, A GRAPH SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED TO CONTROL THE JOB Initial bottomhole
( SHOVING BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF THE CUMULATIVE VOLUME TO BE INJECTED )
pressure( Hydrostatic pressure of the
fresh water column )
Point B
FORMATION PRESSURE
Bottomhole pressure = sum of hydrostatic
2100 kPa ( 300 PSI ) SAFETY MARGIN
pressures: ( pressure of the column of
BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE

MAXIMUM SQUEEZE
PRESSURE MINIMUM fresh water and pressure of the column of
E SQUEEZE PRESSURE
ALLOWABLE SQUEEZE PRESSURE F salt water / preflush fluid / )
Point C

SURFACE ( PUMP ) PRESSURE

3500 - 2100 kPa PRESSURE REQUIRED
( 500 - 300 PSI ) TO REVERSE CIRCULATE
Bottomhole pressure = sum of hydrostatic
D pressures: ( pressure of the column of
C fresh water, pressure of the column of salt
water / preflush fluid / and pressure of the
B B column of cement slurry )
A G Point D
Bottomhole pressure = sum of hydrostatic
pressures: ( pressure of the column of
0 fresh water, pressure of the column of salt
0 CUMULATIVE VOLUME PUMPED AND INJECTED
PUMPING PUMPING PUMPING PUMPING FRESH PUMPING WITH FRESH
water / preflush fluid / andpressure of the
PREFLUSH
(SALT
CEMENT FRESH
SLURRY WATER TO
WATER TO
DISPLACE OR
WATER FOR REVERSE OUT
OF THE REMAINING CEMENT
column of cement slurry + surface
WATER)
INTO THE
INTO THE DISPLACE
STRING OR
SQUEEZE CEMENT SLURRY FROM THE WELL pressure needed to inject
STRING SQUEEZE SLURRY INTO THE
PREFLUSH
INTO THE
PERFORATIONS
Point E
MIXING
PERFORAT
Bottomhole pressure = sum of hydrostatic
CEMENT
SLURRY
pressures: ( pressure of the column of
Point F CEMENT SLURRY THICKENING TIME - 30 MIN ( SAFETY FACTOR )
fresh water, pressure of the column of
cement slurry + surface pressure needed to
Bottomhole pressure = sum of hydrostatic pressures: ( pressure inject ( squeeze ) cement slurry into
of the column of fresh water, pressure of the column of cement formation
slurry + surface pressure needed to inject ( squeeze ) cement Final bottomhole pressure ( Hydrostatic
slurry into formation Point G pressure of the fresh water column )
 SQUEEZE METHODS

BRADENHEAD SQUEEZE

RETAINER SQUEEZE
"KAMIKAZE" RETAINER SQUEEZE

PACKER SQUEEZE ( CEMENTER PACKERS )

HESITATION SQUEEZE PROCEDURE

BRADENHEAD
SQUEEZE
RETAINER
SQUEEZE
"KAMIKAZE"
RETAINER
SQUEEZE
 PACKER
SQUEEZE
( CEMENTER
PACKERS )
CEMENT PLUG
SETTING
CEMENT
PLUG
SETTING
End of Lesson 14

ANY QUESTIONS ?