Congenital malformation

Group name
Nardeen Anter (233955)
Shahd Diefalla (236025)
Mohrael
Yasser (232681)
Shahd Walid (230093)

Reham Gomaa (237899) Presented by :

Mohamed Yasser (231705) Nardeen Anter (233955)
Shahd Walid (230093)
Ahmed Ahmed Adel
Presented to : DR. Sherif
(238341) A.Yasser
Sondos Kamar
(234949)

Shahd Mohamed (238131)

Radwa Mahmoud (236713)
 Introduction
Congenital malformations are
single or multiple defects in
organ or body morphogenesis.
About 2–3% of both genetic
and environmental factors can
lead to birth defects. Congenital
defects frequently result in
disease, disabling illnesses, and
even death. Limb deficiencies
 Types:
Body dysmorphic disorder causes you to obsess about one or
more perceived deficiencies in your appearance, even if they are
small or invisible to others.

1-Spinal deformities:
All spinal abnormalities include issues with
the spine's curvature or rotation. Scoliosis,
kyphosis, and lordosis are typical adult
spinal abnormalities.
• Kyphosis: Is characterised by a forward-curving upper back. The illness may
take the shape of a hump.
2-thoracic cage abnormalities:
chest wall deformities and problems in the development of lung tissue. These
conditions are often asymptomatic, but they can cause pain, trouble
breathing and shortness of breath during exercise.

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• Pectus Excavatum : When a youngster has
pectus excavatum, their
sternum and a few ribs
grow unnaturally and
turn inward. The illness
may be slight and scarcely
detectable or it may be so
serious that it affects the
heart and lungs..
 Causes:
▪ The causes of congenital skeletal limb
abnormalities are currently unknown. Among
the possible risk factors are : A chromosome
problem,
▪ a mother's disease, such as multiple sclerosis.
Pregnancy constrictions in their early stages.
▪ taking nonprescription drugs during pregnancy
that affect fetal development in the womb
alcohol, drug, and tobacco abuse.
▪ Exposure to radiation, and diabetic mothers
infants have a higher risk of fetal malformation.
Treatment : is determined by knowing the type of deformity
and its location in the body.

• Kyphosis :
 If kyphosis is mild, exercise, particularly stretching and strength training,
can increase the spine’s flexibility.

 If it is sever, it can be treated with surgery. The most frequent surgical method is
spinal fusion.
• Thoracic cage deformities

 Pectus excavatum :
Surgery can be used to treat it, but should only be used on patients with severe signs
and symptoms.
 To conclude, There are many types of
congenital malformations. There are also
many ways to prevent birth defects and
congenital disorders. We must have
knowledge of genetic diseases from the
Human Genome Project. Genetic and
nutritional factors are very important for
health of newborns. Prevention of birth
defects reduces the costs of treating their
effects.