MUSCLES OF MASTICATION, FACIAL

EXPRESSION,FACE AND NECK

GREGORY LUGULA
Muscles of mastication are
 Masseter

 Medial Pterygoid

 Lateral Pterygoid

 Temporalis

Accessory muscles of mastication

 Anterior belly of digastric

 Mylohyoid muscle

 Geniohyiod muscle
ACTION
Elevation of
mandible to
close the mouth

Forceful jaw
closing

Assist in
protrusion of
mandible
 Temporalis

 F a n shaped muscle

 F i l l s the temporal fossa

 Bipennate muscle

 FIBRES
Converge and pass
through gap deep to
zygomatic arch
Actions

Elevation of the
mandible..

Retrusion of mandible

No activity when mandible is

elevated very slowly.
 Lateral pterygoid
 Short Conical
 Has upper and
lower head


 ACTION
SAssists in opening the mouth with suprahyoid
muscle.
 The combinded efforts of the Digastrics and Lateral Pterygoids provide for natural
jaw opening.
 Medial and lateral
pterygoid of the two sides
contract alternatively to
produce side to side
movements of mandible eg
chewing).

SIDE TO SIDE
GRINDING MOVEMENT
 W h e n the medial and lateral pterygoids of two sides act together they
protrude the mandible so that the lower incisors project in front of the
other.
 Medial pterygoid

 Quadrilateral

 H a s a small superficial and a large deep

head
ACTION
 Elevates mandible

 Helps protrude mandible

 Right medial pterygoid

with left lateral
pterygoid turn the chin to
left side
▪ Protrudes: Medial & Lateral pterygoid
▪ Retractors: Posterior fibers of Temporalis, Diagastric &
Geniohyoid
▪ Elevators: Superficial & deep fibers of Medial pterygoid & Masseter. Anterior &
middle fibers of Temporalis
▪ Depressors: Lateral pterygoid, Diagastric & Mylohyoid
▪ Lateral movers: Medial & Lateral pterygoid on each side
Muscles of Facial Expression
Muscles of the scalp, or occipitofrontalis (epicranius)
have two groups
Frontalis
Occipitalis
This muscle pulls the scalp forward and backward and
raises the eyebrows.
 Muscles of Facial Expression
Orbicularis Oculi
This muscle encircles the eye.
It is divided into orbital and palpebral
(eyelid) sections, and its function is to close
the eyes.
Muscles of Facial Expression

Procerus
This muscle runes from the
bridge of the nose to the
eyebrow.
It pulls the eyebrows downward.
Muscles of Facial
Expression

Corrugator
This muscle runs along
the eyebrow and inserts
on the medial end of the
eyebrow.
It pulls the eyebrow down
and in.
 Muscles of Facial Expression

Muscles of the Nose include:

Nasalis (divided into two parts)
Compressor nares
closes nostrils
Dilator nares
Flares nostrils
Muscles of the Mouth
MUSCLES OF FACIAL
EXPRESSION
Muscles of the Mouth

Orbicularis Oris
No skeletal attachment
It encircles the mouth and composes
the lips
Its function is to close the lips or
protrude them.
Its fibers interface with other perioral
muscles.
Muscles of the Mouth
Levator Labii superioris alaeque nasi
This tiny muscle inserts on the ala of the
nose and runs to the upper lip.
It raises the upper lip and ala of the nose,
producing a sneer.
Muscles of the Mouth
Levator Labii Superioris or Quadratus Labii
Superioris
This muscle runs above the mouth and has the
following three heads:
Angular: near the nose
Infraorbital: lower edge of the orbit

Zygomatic: zygomatic bone

All three heads insert onto the upper lip and
help elevate the upper lip.
Muscles of the Mouth
Zygomatic
The origin of this muscle is the
zygomatic bone, and it inserts into the
corner of the mouth or the melodious,
an area of intertwining muscles.
It elevates the angle of the mouth up
and laterally, producing a smile.
It may be divided into zygomatic major
and minor muscles.
Muscles of the Mouth
Levator Anguli Oris or Caninus
The origin of this muscle is the
canine fossa, a depression near the
canine roots below the infraorbital
foramen.
It inserts into the modiolus and aids
in elevating the corner of the mouth,
producing a smile.
Muscles of the Mouth
Buccinator
This muscle forms the cheek.
It originates from the alveolar process of the
mandible, the maxilla, and the Pterygomandibular
raphe (a fibrous band that runs from the pterygoid
hamulus to the Mylohyoid line.
It blends with the orbicularis oris at the modiolus.
The buccinator holds the cheek against the teeth
and keeps food on the occlusal surfaces during
mastication.
because of this function, it is considered an
accessory muscle to the muscles of mastication.
Muscles of the Mouth
Risorius
This muscle originates on the
anterior border of the
masseter muscle and inserts
into the modiolus
It pulls the angle of the mouth
laterally and produces a wide
smile.
Muscles of the Mouth

Depressor Anguli Oris or

Triangularis
This muscle arises from the
external oblique line of the
mandible and inserts into the
modiolus.
It pulls the corner of the mouth
downward and inward, producing
Muscles of the Mouth
Depressor Labii Inferioris or
Quadratus Labii Inferioris
This muscle also arises from the
external oblique line; however, it inserts
into the skin of the lower lip.
Its function is to pull the lip down and
laterally, showing the mandibular
anterior teeth.
Muscles of the Mouth
Mentalis
This is the only muscle whose fibers run
away from the lips
Its origin is a fossa or depression beneath
the mandibular anterior teeth, and inserts
into the skin of the chin.
It can raise the skin of the chin and
protrude the lower lip.
It often interferes with treatment of
mandibular anterior labial surfaces when
contracted.
Muscles of the Neck
Muscles of the Neck
Platysma is a thin sheet just below
neck skin
Origin is clavicle and shoulder; it travels
upward to insert into the lower border
of the mandible as well as on the skin
and muscle of the lower face and mouth
Muscle contraction wrinkles the skin of
the chin and neck, and draws the outer
part of the lower lip down and back,
producing a grimace
Innervated by the facial nerve (VII)
Muscles of the Neck
Trapezius
Large muscle covering back of
the neck, shoulder and clavicle
Originates from the external
occipital protuberance and
inserts into the clavicle and
shoulder.
Produces a shoulder shrug
Innervated by the spinal
accessory nerve (XI)
Muscles of the Neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Arises by two
heads
Top of the sternum and clavicle
Two heads blend together and insert
on the mastoid process and superior
nuchal line of the occipital bone
Turns the chin up and to the opposite
side when the head is turned laterally.
Innervated by spinal accessory nerve
(XI)
END