2022 GAD Webinar 1 - Session 1 - Basic GAD Concepts

National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women

SESSION
OBJECTIVE
• Understand/review/level off on basic gender and
development (GAD) concepts such as sex and gender,
gender roles, gender bias and other key concepts
related to GAD.
• Develop an appreciation for gender sensitivity and its
importance on one’s personal and professional lives.

Outlin
e Gender and Development
• Basic GAD Concepts
 Gender Milestones
 Sex VS Gender
 Agents of Gender Socialization
 Gender and Power Relations
 Gender Bias
 Gender Issues
• Legal Mandates for GAD
Gender and
Developmen
t
What is Gender and Development
(GAD)?
• Refers to the development perspective and process that is
participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from
violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-
determination and actualization of human potentials.
(MCW, 2009)
• It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental value that

should be reflected in development choices and contends that
women are active agents of development, not just passive
recipients of development (PCW, 2011).
What do you
see?

Historical Background on
Approaches toDevelopment
WID WAD GAD

Women in Women and Gender and
Development Development Development
Sees that women Argues that women are Advocates not only for
are ignored and already integrated into “adding women” into
excluded from the development process; the development
development the problem is that process, but a
programmes; it planners hold inaccurate rethinking of develop-
therefore requires assumptions about ment concepts and
the implementation women’s specific practice as a whole
of ‘separate’ or through a gender lens.
activities and this led to
‘integrated’ projects
the neglect of their real
for women
NatNatioionnaall GGADADRReesosouurrcece needs and over-exploit-
PProogramgram
PPhhilipilipppininee CoCommmmisissisioonn oonn ation of their labor
W oW omemen
Gender
Milestones

G
E Gender Accountable
N
D Gender Fair/Equity
E
R
Gender Responsive
M
I
Gender Sensitive
L
E
S Gender Aware
T
O
N Gender Neutral
Philippine Commission on Women E
S
Gender
Milestones
Gender Neutral/Blind - lack of recognition of gender as
an essential determinant of life choices that are
available in society.
Gender Aware - recognition of gender inequality; that
there are differences between men and women in
terms of access to and control over resources,
including opportunities for development.
National GAD Resourc e Program

Gender
Milestones
Gender Sensitive - recognition of the underlying and
hidden cause of gender inequality. Differences are
felt undesirable and unjustifiable. Problems
resulting from inequality and discrimination are
identified.
Gender Responsive - presence of programs, projects
and processes that systematically incorporate or
address gender concerns and issues.
Gender
Milestones
Gender Fair/Equity - society where women and men
equitably share in the responsibilities,
power and decision-making and
authority enjoy the
benefits.
Gender Accountable - gender equity is viewed as the
key commitment of the organization; it assumes
responsibility to make gender an integral part of
what the organization is and what it does.
Gender
Sensitivity
- the ability to recognize gender
issues and especially the ability to
recognize women’s different perceptions
and interest arising from their different
social location and different gender
roles.
(upcws gender training manual, ’98)

Core Messages on Gender
Sensitivity
Sex Family Gender
Equality
School
Gender Gender Equity
(Women
Church Empowerment)
Agents of Gender
Socialization Media WID, WAD
and GAD
Workplace
Gender
Gender
Issues Paradigm
What do you
see?

Sex VS
Gender

Sex is …
- biological characteristics of being
a female or a male (kasarian)
Physical attributes pertaining to a

person’s body contours, features,
hormones,genes, chromosomes and
reproductive organs (genitals).
- generally permanent and universal
- attributes are equally valued
National GAD Resour ce Program

Primary Sex
Characteristic
MEN WOMEN
Penis, testes (androgen and Uterus, ovary (estrogen
testosterone), scrotum, and progesterone) ovum, fallopian
sperm, vas deferens, etc. tubes cervix, vagina, clitoris, etc.
National GAD Resour ce Program

Secondary Sex
characteristics
 the body become more muscular

 development of the breast  shoulder & chest become broader
 pelvic widens & hips broaden  adam’s apple grows
 voice deepens slightly  vocal cord enlarge
 hair grown under the arms  underarm, pubic hair & hair on the
& in the pelvic region face, chest & shoulders start to grow
 ovaries start to function  penis & testes enlarge
 regular menstruation
National GAD Resour ce Program  testes begin to make sperm
Philippine Commissi on on Women
Sex
Roles
Female Sex Roles Male Sex Roles
 Gestation  Ovum
 Lactation fertilization
 Child-bearing  Produces
spermatozoa
which determine
child’s sex

Gender refers
to .. and values
set of
assigned by
qualities, culture and
differentiated society to women
roles or and men.
responsibilities,
attitudes,

Gender refers
to .. Expectations, held
about the
characteristics
, aptitudes,
and likely behaviors

of both women
and men.
Gender is …
• socially constructed
•
categorize as feminine
(pagkababae) and masculine
(pagkalalaki)
• time and place bound
• changing
• attributes are marked by inequality
Menti Survey
What adjectives are usually associated with
women?
Go to www.menti.com and use the code

Voting code: 3178 4208
https://www.menti.com/wubitn2e4c
Variables Women Men
Roles (tungkulin)
Characteristic (katangian)
Attitude (saloobin)
Behavior (kilos)
Expectation (inaasahan)
Value (pagpapahalaga)
Places visited (lugar na

pinupuntahan)
Things used (mga bagay na

ginagamit)
Reproductive Organs
Sex Roles

Variables Women Men
Roles (tungkulin) Nangangalaga sa mga anak Naghahanap- buhay at

at mga gawaing bahay nagpapa - aral sa
mga anak
Characteristic (katangian) Matiyaga Matapang
Attitude (saloobin) Maunawain Mapusok
Behavior (kilos) Mahinhin Mabilis
Expectation (inaasahan) Masinop Masikap
Value (pagpapahalaga) Pamilya Pamilya
Places visited (lugar na Simbahan, palengke at Beerhouse, simbahan,

pinupuntahan) paaralan ng anak park, atb.
Things used (mga bagay Make-up, suklay, bra, Belt, brief, pabango,
na ginagamit) panty, wallet, atb. medyas, atb.
Reproductive Organs Ovary, Clitoris, Uterus, Testes, Penis, Scrotum…

Vagina
Sex Roles Breast feeding, child Ovum fertilization,
bearing… produce spermatozoa that
Philippine Commission on Women determine the child sex
Variables Men Women
Roles (tungkulin) Nangangalaga sa mga anak at Naghahanap- buhay at
mga gawaing bahay nagpapa - aral sa mga anak
Characteristic (katangian) Matiyaga Matapang
Attitude (saloobin) Maunawain er Mapusok
Gend
Behavior (kilos) Mahinhin Mabilis
Expectation (inaasahan) Masinop Masikap
Value (pagpapahalaga) Pamilya Pamilya
Places visited (lugar na Simbahan, palengke at paaralan Beerhouse, simbahan,

pinupuntahan) ng anak park, atb.
Things used (mga bagay na Make-up, suklay, bra, panty, Belt, brief, pabango, medyas,
ginagamit) wallet, atb. atb.
Reproductive Organs Testes, Penis, Scrotum Ovary, Clitoris, Uterus, Vagina

Se x
Philippine Commission on Women Sex Roles Ovum fertilization, produce Breast feeding, child bearing …
spermatozoa that determine the
child sex …
Gender
Roles
Gender Roles Gender Roles
of Women of Men
 Cooking  Leader
 Childcare 
 Housekeeping
Providing
income for
the family
Gender
Roles
Gender Roles Gender Roles
of Men of Women
 Cooking  Leader
 Childcare  Providing
 Housekeeping income for
the family

Agents of Gender
Socialization

Agents of Gender
Socialization
Family Church
School Media
Workplace
Agents of Gender
Socialization
Family
The process of VERBAL APPELLATION
… telling children what they
are and what is expected of them.
Feminine Masculine
Submissive Dominant
Gentle Aggressive
Emotional Adventurer
Talkative Not emotional
Passive Assertive
Menti Survey
What toys did you receive when you were a
child?
Go to www.menti.com and use the code

Voting code: 6737 4577
https://www.menti.com/oxi5gkkyft
The process of
CANALIZATION
… people direct children’s attention to gender
appropriate objects.
The process of MANIPULATION

… people handle girls and boys
differently even as infants.

Agents of Gender
Socialization
School lessons
• Gendered
• Unequal treatment of
teachers to female and
male students
• Textbooks, computer soft -
wares and teaching styles
perpetuate gender bias
Nation al GAD Resource Program
Source: spot.ph
Agents of Gender
Socialization
Media
• TV, Prints and Cyberspace
• Influence of pornography
• Media and Societal Violence

Agents of Gender
Socialization
Church
• The position of women in the
church and portrayal of women in
the bible
• There are texts and verses that glorify
sufferings, oppression and
subordination
• Gender differentiation and inequality
between women and men is preached
and conveyed in religious doctrines and
symbols
Agents of Gender
Socialization
Workplace
▪ Unequal pay
▪ Conflict between family life and work
▪ Power relations as well as access
to and control over resources
▪ Sexual harassment and other
forms of discrimination
persist
Gender and Power
Relations

Expression of Power/Power
Relations
Power to - one’s ability to act on his/her own, the unique
potential of every person to shape his/her life and world.
Power - one’s ability to cooperate with others to

with something. It multiplies individual talents and
accomplish
knowledge.
Power within - related to the person’s sense of self-worth and
self knowledge. It includes the ability to recognize individual
differences while respecting others.
Power over - one’s ability to dominate others, to make them

do what they want.
NatNatioionnaall GGADADRReesosouurrcece
PProogramgram
PPhhilipilipppininee CoCommmmisissisioonn oonn
W oW omemen
• Gender relations are power relations. Often what it means to
be a 'woman' is to be powerless (quiet, obedient,
accommodating). A ‘real man’, by contrast, is powerful
(outspoken, in control, able to impose his will), particularly in
relation to women. These gender roles tend to perpetuate
the power inequalities that they are based on.
- Koester, D. (2015)
• The manifestation of the interplay between
Gender and Power can be seen in:
a. Family
b. Politics
c. Workplace
d. School

• Violence and harassment against women results from
unequal gender roles and unequal power relations
between men and women in society, including at
home, at work, at school, and across institutions.
- UN Women (2020)

Gender
Bias

What is Gender
Bias?
Gender bias is behavior that shows favoritism
toward one gender over another. Most often, gender
bias is the act of favoring men and/or boys over women
and/or girls.
- Rothchild, J., (2014)

When we use the term gender, we mean socially
constructed expectations and roles for women and men,
for girls and boys. Specifically, girls and women are
expected to demonstrate feminine behavior, and boys
and men are expected to act masculine.
- Rothchild, J., (2014)

Gender Bias in
Education
• Researchers have consistently found that teachers give more time,
effort, and attention to boys than to girls (Sadker & Sadker 1994).
• Gender bias exists in textbooks and instructional materials as well.
Women are often underrepresented in course materials and/or are
presented in stereotypical roles. (Raffalli 1994).

Gender Bias in
the Household
• Patriarchal households are maintained through power and control in

the hands of men, particularly fathers, as the heads of households.
Specifically, gendered roles assigned as ‘‘breadwinner husband’’ and
‘‘homemaker wife’’ lead to unequal distributions of power within the
household.
Gender Bias in the
Economy • Women are likely to be unemployed,
employed in temporary jobs, or employed
part time.
• There is a difference between the wages
received by women as to their male
counterparts while performing basically the
same job.

GENDER ROLES RESULT IN
GENDER BIASES
Violence
Personal

Manifestations of Gender Bias
by Karina David
Gender
Discrimination
- to give differential
treatment to individuals
on the grounds of their
gender.
What is discrimination against
women?
The Magna Carta of Women defines discrimination against women as:
• any gender-based distinction, exclusion, or restriction which has the
effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition,
enjoyment, or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status,
on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and
fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil
or any other field;

Gender
Issues

• Where you able to relate to the video?
• Do you think that the situations depicted in the video still
persists in our society?
• Do you think it is possible to realize a world where women
and men are equal?

Gender
Subordination
Secondary status of
women in society, because
of this they have less access
to and control over
resources for development
and its benefits.

Gender
I ssues Obstacles to
Personhood
Development
Economic
Violence Marginalization
Against
Women
Women
Political
Subordination
Multiple of Women
Burden
Gender
Stereotyping
National GAD Resource Prog ram

Gender
Issues
Gender Stereotyping
It is the tendency or attitude to ascribe particular
traits, characteristics and roles distinctly to men and
particular traits, characteristics, roles distinctly to
women.
Gender
Issues
Multiple Burden
It refers to the situation where no matter what
women put in essentially the same working hours as
men outside the home, households, child care and
wider breath of responsibilities are still primarily
National GAD Resource Prog ram
women’s concerns.
Gender
Issues
Political Subordination
It refers to the perceived political notion and sexist
propaganda against women political candidates,
insufficient support system to increase women’s
active involvement or participation in political
parties, factors that hamper women to join politics
Philippine Commission on Women and other leadership roles.
OBSTACLES IN WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN
POLITICS AND DECISION MAKING
• Gender stereotyping
• Multiple burden
• Lack of political education
and support from political parties

Gender
Issues
Violence Against Women
(VAW)
Women become victims of all forms of violence, like
battering, rape, sexual harassment, female genital
mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to
women simply because they are women and occupy a
subordinate status in society.
Gender Issues of
Men
Gender issues of Men in the
Family
• Wrong perception that men are only interested in sex
• Discrimination and lack of support for men who
decides to stay at home
• Unfair expectation that men are supposed to be the
breadwinners

Workplace
• Unrealistic expectations from male workers
• More exposed to dangerous jobs
• Abusive working conditions

Society
• Toxic masculinity
• Wrong depiction of men in media
• Traditional perception on how men should behave
• Lack of support for men who victims of abuse

Legal Mandates for
GAD

Legal Mandates for GAD
1987 Philippine Constitution - Article II, Sec. 14 provides that
the State recognizes the role of women in nation- building,
and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of
women and men.
Republic Act 7192 - Women in Development and Nation-

Building Act- laid the groundwork for institutionalizing
gender concerns in national development efforts adopting
the GAD approach in policies and programs.

Magna Carta of
Women
• The Magna Carta of Women is a comprehensive
women’s human rights law that seeks to eliminate
discrimination against women by recognizing,
protecting, fulfilling and promoting the rights of
Filipino women, especially those in marginalized
sector.

Magna Carta of
Women
• All government departments, including their attached
agencies, offices, bureaus, state universities and colleges,
government - owned and controlled corporations, local
government units and all other government instrumentalities
shall adopt gender mainstreaming as a strategy to promote
women’s human rights and eliminate gender discrimination in
their systems, structures, policies, programs, processes and
procedures.

Other National Laws on
Women
Labor Related
Laws
• Anti-Discrimination Law (RA 6725)
• Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipino Act (RA
8042)
• Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 (RA 8972)
• 105 Days Expanded Maternity Leave (RA 11210)

Laws Addressing Violence Against
Women
• Anti-Mail Order Bride Law (RA 6955)
• Anti-Sexual Harassment Law (RA 7877)
• Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act (RA 9262)
• Anti-Rape Law (RA 8353)
• Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act (RA 7610)
• Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313)

What is your vision of
a Gender-fair
Society?

What can you do to
achieve Gender-equality in
your life?

FOR EtfERY WOMAN
by Nancy R. Smith (1973)
For every strong woman,
tired of faking
weakness,
there is a weak man,
tired of faking strength.
For every woman,
tired of faking
“foolishness”,
there is a man tired

of having to act as
a “model of
wisdom”
For each woman
tired of being
labeled as an
“emotional female”
there is a man who

has been denied
the right to cry and
be sensitive
For every
sportswoman
whose femininity
is questioned,
there is a man
forced to
compete in order
to give
testimony of his
virility
For every woman tired
of being considered
a
sexual object,
There is a man
concerned about
his sexual
performance
For every woman who has
not had access to a
dignified salary,
there is a man forced to

bear the economic
responsibility of another
human being.
For every woman who
ignores the “secrets of
car mechanics”
there is a man who

doesn’t know how to “boil
an egg”.
For every
woman that
steps toward
her
freedom,
there is a man
who
rediscovers
the road to
liberty.
Mar aming
salamat
Office of the President
PHILIPPINE COMMISSION ON WOMEN (PCW) po!
1145 J. P. Laurel St., San Miguel, Manila 1005
Telephone Numbers: +632.7354955, 735.1654 local 125-6
Fax Number: +632.7364449
Email Addresses: edo@pcw.gov.ph, exec.dir@pcw.gov.ph
Website: www.pcw.gov.ph
Based on the presentation of:
Wilhelmina P. Masinsin, Ph.D.,

RPm
Sources
•:Aparicio-Garcia, M.E., et.al. (2018). Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and
Non-Binary Young People. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC6209926/
• Koester, D. (2015). Gender and power: six links and one big opportunity. Retrieved from:
https://www.dlprog.org/opinions/gender-and-power-six-links-and-one-big-opportunity
• Rothchild, J. (2014). Gender Bias. Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.
com/doi/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosg011.pub2
• The Good Men Project, (2018). What We Talk About When We Talk About
Men: The Top
12 Issues Men Face Today. Retrieved from: https://goodmenproject.com /featured-
content/talk-men-top-10-issues-today-gmp/
• UN Women, (2020). Gendered Power Inequalities. Retrieved from:
https://www.endvawnow.org/es/articles/1930-gendered-power-inequalities-.html
• http://sociology.iresearchnet.com/sociology-of-gender/gender-bias/

2022 GAD Webinar 1 - Session 1 - Basic GAD Concepts

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2022 GAD Webinar 1 - Session 1 - Basic GAD Concepts

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women

National GAD Resource Program

• It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental value that

National GAD Resource Program

WID WAD GAD

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

Physical attributes pertaining to a

National GAD Resour ce Program

National GAD Resour ce Program

 the body become more muscular

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resourc e Program

and likely behaviors

Go to www.menti.com and use the code

Places visited (lugar na

Things used (mga bagay na

National GAD Resourc e Program

Roles (tungkulin) Nangangalaga sa mga anak Naghahanap- buhay at

Characteristic (katangian) Matiyaga Matapang

Attitude (saloobin) Maunawain Mapusok

Behavior (kilos) Mahinhin Mabilis

Expectation (inaasahan) Masinop Masikap

Value (pagpapahalaga) Pamilya Pamilya

Places visited (lugar na Simbahan, palengke at Beerhouse, simbahan,

Reproductive Organs Ovary, Clitoris, Uterus, Testes, Penis, Scrotum…

Characteristic (katangian) Matiyaga Matapang

Attitude (saloobin) Maunawain er Mapusok

Expectation (inaasahan) Masinop Masikap

Value (pagpapahalaga) Pamilya Pamilya

Places visited (lugar na Simbahan, palengke at paaralan Beerhouse, simbahan,

Reproductive Organs Testes, Penis, Scrotum Ovary, Clitoris, Uterus, Vagina

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

Go to www.menti.com and use the code

The process of MANIPULATION

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resource Program

Power - one’s ability to cooperate with others to

Power over - one’s ability to dominate others, to make them

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

• Patriarchal households are maintained through power and control in

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Program

National GAD Resource Prog ram

National GAD Resourc e Program

National GAD Resource Program