INTERMEDIATE

GRAMMAR

Yohana Rawina (222-112-002)

Angelita Afelyn Toupa’ (222-112-017)
Alyanti Palimban (222-112-021)
 
 Present Perfect Tense

Definition/Definition of Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is a sentence pattern with a change in the form of the verb used to express/express a past
action/event that is still continuing today.
So, the event has just happened, but the results or consequences of the event can still be seen and can still be felt when the
conversation takes place.
In addition, this tense is usually used to show events or discuss experiences/changes related to a place.
 Verbal Sentences (kalimat verbal) Present Perfect Tense

In verbal sentences, after the subject will be followed by a verb (V) alias verb. Well,
this tense uses the third verb a.k.a verb 3
Example of sentences:
 (+) I have eaten three a day.
 (-) They have not paid their orders.
 (?)Have they surprised Cintia?
 Function and Use of Present Perfect Tense and Example
Sentences

1. Reveals an event that after it happened/has been done, then during the
conversation, there are consequences that are felt.
2. Declare something that has happened since a time in the past that is still related
to the present (when the conversation took place).
3. Talking about experiences but not being specific.
4. Shows a change
5. Declare an achievement or result
6. Disclose activities that have been carried out, but have not been completed to date
7. Tells the activities that occurred in different time periods
8. Action repeated in an unspecified period of time between past and present
9. To declare events or actions that have just finished/ended (using addition + just)
10. Telling something that is not important enough or submitting a question/statement
where the answer is unknown
 Present Perfect Continious
Tense
Present perfect continuous tense is a form of a verb or tenses to express actions that
have been completed at some point in the past, or actions that have started in the
past, but these actions still occur/continue until the present.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense Formula/Formula

● To make it easier to understand this tense properly, you must know the
sentence formation formula. As usual, this tenses formula is divided into three.
See the formula image below:
●  
● (+) Positive/Positif : S + have/has + been + -ing/present participle +
complement.
● (-) Negative/Negetif : S + have/has + not + been + -ing/present participle +
complement.
● (?) Interrogative/tanya : Have/has + S + been + - ing/present participle +
complement
 So, unlike the future perfect tense which only relies on the
auxiliary verb "have" for all subjects, the present perfect
continuous tense is actually formed with the auxiliary verb have or
has. To make sentences from these tenses, first pay attention to the
following important points:
Have is used for subject I, you, and plural subjects such as: plural
pronouns (such as: they, we), plural nouns (such as: boys, men),
and compound subjects with the conjunction "and" (you and I,
Masha and David ).
Has is used for singular subjects such as: third person singular
pronouns (such as: he, she, it) and singular nouns (such as: Tony,
Cerci, etc).
 Apart from that, you also need to know a number of things that
characterize the present perfect continuous tense, namely:
The present perfect continuous tense is also known as the present
perfect progressive tense. Progressive means "in progress" or an
action that is being carried out.
In general, the present perfect continuous tense only occurs in
dynamic verb forms, or so-called dynamic verbs, because usually
only dynamic verbs have continuous forms.
Functions and Examples of Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Sentences
1. Indicates a completed action
The present perfect continuous tense can be used to refer to a
condition that was completed at some point in the past, but
which still has relevance today.
2. Indicates recently completed actions
3. Shows an action that started in the past
THANK YOU