COMMUNICATION

By:
DR. JOYCE S. WENDAM, CESO IV
Trainer, OAP NC II
Tubungan Skills Training Center
Tubungan, Iloilo
CONTENTS
What is Communication
Process of Communication
Types of Communication
Levels of Communication
Communication Barriers
Tools of Effective Communication
Introduction
Enjoy new confidence and greater success when you
enhance your communication skills.
Effective communication is an essential skill for
achieving success in all areas of life, whether personal
or professional.
Communication skills breed confidence and
optimism, two character traits that enable you to
accomplish your goals. Some people find that
communication comes naturally; for others, it’s more
difficult. But if you fall into the latter category, you
don’t need a communication degree to make yourself
heard—or to get what you want and need.
OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE
INFORMATION:
Effective Communication
Communication is the process of exchanging
information and ideas.
To be an effective and valuable member of your
workplace it is important that you become skilled in
all of the different methods of communication that are
appropriate.
OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE
INFORMATION:
Communication Process for communication to
occur it must pass from a sender to a receiver. This
must occur irrespective of the form of
communication.
For communication to be effective it must be
understood by the receiver and be able to be
responded to.
OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE
INFORMATION:
Total communication involves speaking,
reading, listening, and reasoning skills.
As communications pass from the source to the
receiver there is plenty of opportunity for its
original meaning to change or alter.
OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE
INFORMATION:


Therefore listening, reasoning and feedback is an
important part of the process as it is an opportunity for
the sender to make sure the receiver has understood
the message.

The other consideration is the “noise” associated with
the communication – what else is happening, what are
the distractions, the baggage etc. Noise can have a big
impact on the message the receiver decodes.
Types of Communication

A. Verbal Communication:
Written or oral use of
words to communicate.
A. Verbal Communication
Types of Verbal Communication
1. Written or oral use of
words to communicate.
Verbal Communication

2. Oral Communication or the

spoken word, takes place largely
through:
 face-to-face conversation with
another individual;
 meetings with several individuals;
and,
 telephone conversations.
1. Written Communication
1. Written Communication: occurs
through a variety of means such as:
 business letters
 office memoranda
 reports
 resumes
 written telephone messages
 newsletter
 policy manuals.
Advantages of Written
Communication

Provides record of messages

Can be disseminated widely with

minimum effort

Allows sender to think through intended

message carefully.
Disadvantages of Written
Communication
Expense of preparation

Relatively impersonal nature

Possible misunderstanding by receiver

Delay of feedback regarding effectiveness

of message
2. Oral Communication
Oral Communication or the spoken
word:
 face-to-face conversation with
another individual;
 meetings with several individuals;
and,
 telephone conversations.
Advantages of Oral Communication

Fast

Generally more personal

Provide immediate feedback from others

involved in the conversation
Disadvantages of Oral
Communication

Time consuming

More difficult to terminate

Additional effort required to document

what is said if a record is necessary.
B. Non-Verbal Communication
 Non-Verbal Communication:
• Communication by means of
elements and behaviors that
are not coded into words.
Non-Verbal Communication
 Kinesic Behavior:
Body movements, such as:
 gestures
 facial expressions
 eye movements
 postures.
Non-Verbal Communication
 Proxemies: The influence of
proximity and space on
communication.
 Paralanguage: Vocal aspects of
communication that relate to how
something is said rather than to what
is said.
Basic Components of the
Communication Process
Sender: The initiator of the message
Encoding: The process of translating the
intended message into words and gestures.
Message: The encoding process outcome,
which consists of verbal and nonverbal
symbols that have been developed to convey
meaning to the receiver.
Basic Components of the
Communication Process
Medium: The method used to convey the
message to the intended receiver.
Receiver: The person with whom the
message is exchanged.
Decoding: The process of translating the
symbols into the interpreted message. A
message is decoded by a receiver who
interprets symbols, words, pictures, or
gestures to give them meaning.
Basic Components of the Communication
Process
Noise: Any factor in the communication process
that interferes with exchanging messages and
achieving common meaning.
Feedback: The receiver’s basic response to the
interpreted message; a response or acknowledgement
that a message has been received and understood.
The process is not over until communication
completes a full cycle back to sender.
Feedback occurs when a receiver responds to a
sender’s message with an understandable return
message.
Basic Components of the
Communication Process
One-way communication: The
communication that results when the
communication process does not allow for
feedback.
Two-way Communication: The
communication process explicitly includes
feedback.
Communication Channels
Communication Channels
Communication channel is a means of
communications available to the organization.
 Meetings
 Conversations
 Events
 Documentations
 Publications
 Messages
 Graphics – posters, billboards, signs
Communication Channels
 Audio – radio, podcasts
 Video – film, television, streaming video
 Social Media and Digital Communities
 Application software
 Games
 Data
 Advertising
There’s a simple rule:
You say it again, and you say it again,
and you say it again, and you say it
again, and you say it again, and then
again and again and again and again,
and about the time that you’re
absolutely sick of saying it is about the
time that your target audience has
heard it for the first time.
— Frank Luntz
In advertising this is similar to 
“effective frequency”.
The idea is that an ad has to be seen
multiple times before a consumer will a)
notice; and, b) respond favorably (e.g.
buy).
Frames, narrative, and persuasion are
essential building blocks that you need to
understand before you create messages.
Toward More Effective Communication
The following suggestions will enhance the
communication process:
Start with empathy as a general viewpoint.
Put yourself in the other person’s shoes,
mentally capturing his or her frame of
reference so you plan your communication
with the receiver in mind.
Toward More Effective Communication
 Develop a conversational tone and
demeanor that reinforce your key points.
 Good eye contact helps to gain and retain
attention for both persons.
If you choose to use gestures to dramatize
meanings, do not employ so many that
you distract attention from the message.
Seven Steps: How to become an effective
communicator
The challenge of how to be an effective
communicator gets far easier when you follow
these seven steps:
1. Identify Your Objectives
What do you hope to accomplish, either
immediately or long term?
What action or response from your audience will
show that you have communicated successfully?
Understanding your objectives will help shape your
communication style and make you more effective.
Seven Steps: How to become an
effective communicator
2. Listen Actively
 Communication isn’t just about what you
say.
 If you want people to listen to you, you
need to listen to them.
 Don’t get so focused on what you’re
saying that you miss their important
comments, emotions, and reactions.
Seven Steps: How to become an
effective communicator
 Likewise, when others are speaking,
listen and process what they’re trying to
communicate instead of planning your
response.
 When everyone is actively involved,
communication is far more effective.
Seven Steps: How to become an effective
communicator
3. Note Your Body Language
- Communication involves not just the
words you speak, but what your body is
saying. Without realizing it, your body
language can send a stronger message
than your words.
• If you sit or stand with your shoulders
hunched and your arms folded across your
chest, you show that your guard is up and
you’re unwilling to have productive, two-way
discussions.
• Alternatively, when you sit or stand up
straight with your arms at your sides, or relax
into a more casual pose, you project
openness and a willingness to communicate
—before you’ve said a single word.
Seven Steps: How to become an
effective communicator
4. Know Your Audience
- The same speech, conversation, or sales
pitch won’t succeed with every audience.
- Modify your language for each group so
that you’re not being condescending or
speaking in a way in which your audience
cannot understand.
- Adjusting how and what you say to match
your audience will improve your
communication skills.
Seven Steps: How to become an effective
communicator
5. Pace Yourself
- Pay attention to how quickly you’re speaking
and whether your audience appears to be
processing what you’re saying.
- Slow down if necessary, and vary the volume
and rhythm of your speech to hold their
attention.
- It’s important to deliberately repeat
important points a few times to make sure
your listeners hear what you have to say.
Seven Steps: How to become an
effective communicator
6. Choose the Right Time
- If you’re planning to ask your boss for a raise,
make sure he or she is in a receptive mood.
- If there’s a big problem on the production line
or your company has lost a big account, it’s not
the best time to bring up the subject.
Seven Steps: How to become an
effective communicator
- So, in general—whether you’re planning to
deliver good or bad news or simply
presenting a new idea that requires energy
and focus—be aware of your audience’s
mind-set.
- Timing is a big factor in successful
communication.
Seven Steps: How to become an effective
communicator

7. Be Clear
Don’t spend too much time setting up
your idea or request.
Communicate your needs and desires
clearly.
Seven Steps: How to become an effective
communicator
Great communicators choose their words well,
understand their audience, and connect with
them at the right time and place.
By applying these tips and practicing often,
you can master the skills and learn how to be
an effective communicator.

Source: https://www.waldenu.edu/programs/communication/resource/how-
to-be-an-effective-communicator-in-7-easy-steps
Three Features of Great Key
Messages (3Cs)

Clear — Free of jargon, devoid of

technical language, and relevant

Concise — Deliver key messages in 7-8

seconds. That might be all the airtime you
get

Consistent — Messages must be repeated

if they are to sink in.
MADAMO GID NGA SALAMAT!
MAY PAMANGKOT?
References
https://www.slideshare.net/tirthamal2010/communication-
ppt-26816723

https://www.waldenu.edu/programs/communication/resource/
how-to-be-an-effective-communicator-in-7-easy-steps

Santos, Emmanuel T. 2004. Organization and Management.

Manila: IAME Design Studio: The Printing Press
Self-Check
1. The 3 C’s of great key messages are: __________;
__________; and, ____________ .
2. ____________ is a big factor in successful
communication.
3. To enhance the communication process, start
with ________ as a general viewpoint.
4. __________________ is a means of
communications available to the organization
such as meetings, etc.
Self-Check
5. The types of communication are ________ and
___________ .
Answer Key

1. Clear, concise, consistent

2. Timing
3. Empathy
4. Communication channel
5. Verbal and non-verbal
Activity
Title: Message Relay
Steps:
1. Participants are instructed to group themselves into five.
2. Each group should form a single line.
3. The facilitator will give a piece of paper containing a message
to the first person in the line.
4. The first person in the line has to relay the message to the
person next to him until it reaches to the last person in the
group.
5. The facilitator will then ask the last person in each group
what the message is all about to determine the accuracy of
the message being relayed from one person to another
person.
- END -