Earthquake

Concept note:#1

Earthquake – the sudden vibration, violent movement of Earth’s surface caused by a rapid release of
stored energy.

Types of earthquake:

1. Tectonic Earthquake – one that occurs when the earth’s crust breaks through the
geological forces on rocks and adjoining plates.

2. Volcanic earthquake – any earthquake that results from tectonic forces which
occur in the conjunction with volcanic activity

3. Collapse – small earthquake in underground caverns and mines that are caused by
seismic waves produced from the explosion of rock on the surface

4. Explosion – an earthquake that is the result of the detonation of a nuclear and/ or

chemical device

AU-EEC-SCIENCE
 Concept note:#1

Parts of Earthquake:

a. Fault – fracture or break in the ground

b. Epicenter – the point at the surface of the earth directly above the
focus

c. Focus / hypocenter – the point within the earth where an earthquake

rapture starts

d. Seismic waves – waves that transmit the energy released by an

earthquake

Aftershock – earthquake that follows the largest shocks

w/an earthquake sequence

AU-EEC-SCIENCE
 Concept note:#2

OBJECTIVE:
 Differentiate the different types of Plate Boundaries

Types of Plate Boundaries

1. Convergent plate boundary- plates that move towards each

other.
2. Divergent plate boundary- two plates move apart from each
other.
3. Transform plate boundary- two plates slide past each other
moving in opposite direction.
 QUIZ#1

a. Tectonic Earthquake c. Collapse

b. Volcanic earthquake d. Explosion

D
______1. an earthquake that is the result of the detonation of a nuclear and/ or chemical device
A
______2. one that occurs when the earth’s crust breaks through the geological forces on rocks and adjoining plates.

B
______3. any earthquake that results from tectonic forces which occur in the conjunction with volcanic activity

C
______4. small earthquake in underground caverns and mines that are caused by seismic waves produced from the
explosion of rock on the surface

Convergent plate Transform plate Divergent plate

Transform plate
1. ________________two plates slide past each other moving in opposite direction.
Divergent plate
2. _________________two plates move apart from each other.
3._________________-plates
Convergent plate that move towards each other.
Concept Notes:#3

• Fault – break in the ground caused by the

movement of plates
Parts of Fault

 Fault line - break or fracture in the ground 

 Foot wall - ore body
 Hanging wall - upper or overlying block along the fault plane 
SAN ANDREAS FAULT
Concept Notes:#4

Normal Fault- A dip-slip fault in which the block

above the fault has moved downward relative to
the block below. This type of faulting occurs in
response to extension.

Reverse Fault A dip-slip fault in which the upper

block, above the fault plane, moves up and over
the lower block. This type of faulting is common in
areas of compression, When the dip angle is
shallow, a reverse fault is often described as a
thrust fault.

Strike-slip Fault- A fault on which the two blocks

slide past one another. The San Andreas Fault is
an example of a right lateral fault.