Electrical Technology

SEM: I
AY: 2020-21 S. Y. B. Tech.( Mechanical ENGG.)

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•Electrical Electrical Quantities
Quantities
•Electrical Charge To understand the operation of electric circuits
•Electrical Current we must familiar with electrical quantities
•Electrical Voltage such as charge, current and voltage.
• EMF
•Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power

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 Electrical Charge
•There are two types of charges:
•Electrical Quantities
•Electrical Charge 1. Positive charge (+)
•Electrical Current 2. Negative charge (-)
•Electrical Voltage
•Conservation law of charges:
• EMF
Charge can neither be created nor be destroyed.
•Electrical Energy
It can be only transferred.
• Electrical Power
•The unit of charge is Coulomb. It is denoted by C.

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 Three types of particles

•Protons
•Electrical
Quantities • Protons are positive charge (+) and it has charge
•Electrical Charge
of + 1.6 X 10-19 coulombs (C).
•Electrical Current
•Electrical Voltage •Electrons
• EMF
•Electrical Energy • Electrons are negative charge (-) and it has
charge of – 1.6 X 10-19 coulombs (C).
• Electrical Power

•Neutron

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• The neutron has zero charge.
 Structure of Atom

•Electrical Quantities
•Electrical Charge
•Electrical Current
•Electrical Voltage
• EMF
•Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power

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 Electrical Current

•Rate of flow of electrons is known as current.

•Electrical Quantities I=Q/t
Where,
•Electrical Charge
I = Current
•Electrical Current
Q = Charge,
•Electrical Voltage t = Time
• EMF • If charge varies with time, so
•Electrical Energy i = dq / dt
• Electrical Power Where,
dq = change in charge
dt = change in time

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 Electrical Current

Solve

•Electrical Quantities Find the Current (I) in the conductor using the previous slide
•Electrical Charge formula

•Electrical Current If

•Electrical Voltage Charge is ( Q ) = 40 coulombs

• EMF Time is ( t ) = 20 Seconds

•Electrical Energy
ANS:
• Electrical Power
I = Q/T
= 40/20
=2 A

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 Electrical Current

•Unit of current is Ampere. It is denoted as A.

•Electrical Quantities
•1 A = 1 C/sec
•1 mA = 10-3 A
•Electrical Charge
•1 μA = 10-6 A
•Electrical Current
•1 Coulomb of charge is the charge carried by
•Electrical Voltage 6.25 X 1018 electrons.
• EMF
•Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power

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 Electrical Voltage

•A body is said to have a potential of 1 volt, if 1 joule

of work is done to give it a charge of 1 coulomb.
•Electrical Quantities
•Voltage or Potential difference (P.D.):
•Electrical Charge
•Electrical Current •Voltage is the difference in electric potential
•Electrical Voltage between two points.
• EMF
•It is expressed in volts (V) or joules per coulomb (J/C).
•Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power •Consider two bodies A and B having potential 5V and
1 V.

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 Electrical Voltage

•So body A is at higher potential then B and the

potential difference between A and B is given by VAB.
•Electrical Quantities
•VAB = VA – VB = 5 – 1 = 4 V.
•Electrical Charge
•Electrical Current
•Voltages can be either positive or negative numbers,
•Electrical Voltage and it follows that VBA = −VAB.
• EMF
•Electrical Energy •If VA > VB = Positive potential difference.
• Electrical Power
•If VA < VB = Negative potential difference.

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 Electromotive Force

Electromotive Force (emf):

•The force which causes current to flow in the circuit is

•Electrical Quantities
called emf.
•Electrical Charge
•Electrical Current •It defined as E.
•Electrical Voltage
•Its unit is volt (V)
• EMF
•Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power

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 Electrical Energy
•Total work done in an electric circuit is called
electric energy.
•The energy over a time interval is found by
•Electrical Quantities •integrating power,
•Electrical Charge 𝑤 = ∫ 𝑝 𝑑𝑡
E=Pxt
•Electrical Current
•Electrical Voltage •Energy is expressed in watt-seconds or joules (J).
• EMF • It is expressed in electric utility bills in kilo watt
• Electrical Energy hours (kWh).
• Electrical Power
•1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J.

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 Electrical Power

•Power is defined as the rate of doing work or the rate

of change of energy dw/dt.
•Electrical Quantities
•Power = Work done / Time.
•Electrical Charge
•Electrical Current P = I2R = V2/R
•Electrical Voltage
• EMF •Unit of power is Watt. or J/Sec or Volt Ampere.
1 kWh = 1 kW x 1 hr
• Electrical Energy
= 103 x 60 x 60 sec
• Electrical Power
= 36 X 105 Watt Sec
= 3.6 X 106 J.

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 Electrical Power

If a appliance consumes
•Electrical Quantities
Current (I) = 2 A
•Electrical Charge
Voltage (V) = 200 V
•Electrical Current
•Electrical Voltage
• EMF
Then power consumed is
• Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power Power = V x I = 200 x 2 =400 Watts

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 Electrical Power

Now find out ?

If a appliance consumes
•Electrical Quantities
•Electrical Charge
Current (I) = 3A
•Electrical Current
•Electrical Voltage
Voltage (V) = 230 V
• EMF
Find the power consumed:
• Electrical Energy
• Electrical Power Power consumed is

Power = V x I = 230 x 3 =690 Watts

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 Electrical Power

Now
1 Unit= 1KWh (1000 Wh)
•Electrical Quantities
•Electrical Charge If appliance consumes
•Electrical Current Power = V x I = 230 x 3 =690 Watts
•Electrical Voltage And is run for 5 hours daily
• EMF
Then per day consumption is
• Electrical Energy
Power consumed per day=P x No. of Hours
• Electrical Power
=690 x5 = 3450 Wh
Total units consumed per day = Power in Wh/1000
=3450/1000
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=3.45 Units
 Electrical Power

Solve
If appliance consumes current of 2 A and supply
•Electrical Quantities
•Electrical Charge voltage is 230 V and is run for 10 hours daily. Find the
•Electrical Current power consumed and number of units per day
•Electrical Voltage P= V x I=230x2=460 W
• EMF
Power consumed per day=P x No. of Hours
• Electrical Energy
=460 x10 = 4600 Wh
• Electrical Power Total units consumed per day = Power in Wh/1000
=4600/1000
=4.6 Units

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 Thank You

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