Gratitude for the Source of

Benefit – Looking on Water

SITE BACKGROUND & Services at Ulu Muda in
ALTERNATIVE STATE
COMMUNICATION

1INTRODUCTION
TESSA Perspective
TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

APPRAISAL

CONTEXT

Linges Navamney (a), Mou Leong Tan (a), Ngai

Weng Chan(a) and Wai Leng Phang (b)

a. Section Geography, School of Humanities, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
b. Water Watch Penang, Jalan Batu Uban, 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  This project was carried out to assess ecosystem services of Ulu Muda.

 Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) was used.

SITE BACKGROUND &
COMMUNICATION

ALTERNATIVE STATE

 Introduced in a workshop that organized by South East Asia Rainforest

TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

1INTRODUCTION
APPRAISAL

CONTEXT

Research Partnership (SEARRP) in Georgetown Penang in 2018.

 TESSA toolkit was used to evaluate the “freshwater” service to three nearby

north-western states (Kedah, Penang and Perlis) in Peninsular Malaysia.

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Creative Venus is all
about creativity

SITE BACKGROUND &

ALTERNATIVE STATE

SITE
COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

BACKGROUND
APPRAISAL

CONTEXT
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Creative Venus is all

AND about creativity

CONTEXT
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Creative Venus is all Creative Venus is all
about creativity about creativity
 ANALYSIS &
COMMUNICATION
TESSA METHOD

ALTERNATIVE STATE

APPRAISAL

Figure 1: Map of Ulu Muda

SITE BACKGROUND &

CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION
 Land cover class Percentage (%) Area (ha)

Timber production 65 104000

Water catchment 32 51200

area

SITE BACKGROUND &

ALTERNATIVE STATE
COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

Recreation, 3 4800
APPRAISAL

CONTEXT
education and
research

Total 100 160000

Table 1: Land cover summary of Ulu Muda (WWF,2009).


TESSA METHODS USED TO MEASURE
THE IDENTIFIED COSYSTEM SERVICES
IN THE SITE AND ALTERNATIVE SITES
Questionnaire survey, multi-
stakeholder workshop and focus
group meeting is primarily used to
gather information from a population
of individuals in the targeted area.
The team attended 1st training at
Sandakan, Sabah in November 2018
and 2nd training at Damansara
Perdana, Selangor in June 2019
Carried out Bird Life International,
Tropical Biology Association, and
South East Asia Rainforest Research
Partnership (SEARRP).
TESSA Toolkit on water ecosystem
services were used as reference in
this study.
 ANALYSIS &
COMMUICATION
TESSA METHOD

ALTERNATIVE STATE

SCOPING
APPRAISAL
PRELIMINARY

EM
DERS

ECOSYST

SERVICES
STAKEHOL

THREATS

APPRAISAL

SITE BACKGROUND &

CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION
 1 : C O N S U LT E D L O C A L
S TA K E H O L D E R S

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and threat of Ulu Muda Forest.

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 1 : C O N S U LT E D L O C A L
S TA K E H O L D E R S

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 A total of 85 local stakeholders
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were involved in the workshops,
including 33 people from 24
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from 11 NGOs; 15 people from 7
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 2 : T H R E AT S
 Logging also affect the function of
 Logging is a big threat to the forests that act as climate regulators
ecosystem of Ulu Muda, but it is one and carbon sink areas that helps to
of the incomes to the Kedah state moderate the microclimate in the
government. region.
02
 The logging activities cause
landslides and soil erosion that
affect water quality in this region
 WATER

Sustaining the
Raw water to Kedah
Irrigating the paddy tourism industry at
(96%), Penang
cultivation in Kedah Penang and
(more than 80%)
state which Langkawi
4.09 million and Perlis (70%)
people domestic accounts for 40% of
consumption the nation’s rice
production Fuelling the Northern
Corridor Economic Region
accounted for a total of
RM150 billion in gross
domestic product (GDP)
 Activities Timing Scope Impact Score
Logging 3 1 3 7
Poaching 3 1 2 6
Fishing & harvesting other 3 1 2 6

SITE BACKGROUND &

ALTERNATIVE STATE

aquatic resources
COMMUICATION

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

Human disturbance 2 1 2 5

APPRAISAL

CONTEXT
Recreation 3 0 2 5
Water use / consumption 3 3 3 9
Climate change & severe weather 2 1 3 6
Pollution 2 1 2 5
Agriculture 3 1 1 5
Wild good harvesting 3 0 0 3
Plantation 2 1 2 5
Gazette as state park 2 2 3 7
Table 2: Assessment of the ecosystem services in Ulu Muda .
 CURRENT AND FUTURE
STATE

 Ulu Muda it will only be able to meet both states’ raw water needs
until 2025 – Datuk Jaseni Maidinsa, Chief Executive Officer of PBAPP.

SITE BACKGROUND &

COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION
ALTERNATIVE
 An increase in water demand and consumption is the main factor
TESSA METHOD

APPRAISAL
ANALYSIS &

that causing water supply at Ulu Muda cannot sustain longer.

CONTEXT
STATE
 Kedah government announce to gazette Ulu Muda as a state park.

 Only 16% of the area is clarify as water area which is smaller than
the current state (Table 4).
 CURRENT AND FUTURE
STATE

Land cover Current % Alternative Change in %

cover

SITE BACKGROUND &

COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION
Timber production 65 unknown unknown

ALTERNATIVE
TESSA METHOD

APPRAISAL
ANALYSIS &

CONTEXT
STATE
Water catchment area 32 16 -16

Recreation, education 3 unknown unknown

and research

Table 4: Land cover under current state and plausible future state.
 IDENTIFYING
PLAUSIBLE
ALTERNATIVE STATE

Carbon storage

SITE BACKGROUND &

Timber production 4 Harvest wild goods
COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD

APPRAISAL
ANALYSIS &

CONTEXT
2

1
Current
0 Alternative

Drought / flood prevention Recreation and tourism

Irrigation Water Supply

Figure 2: Comparison of ecosystem services between current and

alternative sites.
 01 A total of 341
This study was conducted using a
respondents was
quantitative questionnaire survey.
selected using random
sampling method.
.
Statistical Package
for Social Science
20 (SPSS) by IBM 02

SITE BACKGROUND &

software was used

ALTERNATIVE STATE
COMMUNICATION

to analyse the

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

collected data.
03

APPRAISAL

CONTEXT
Focusing in
the north-
eastern part of
06 Penang Island.
Chi-Square test was
used to identify the
relation between
demography variable Questionnaires were formulated by
and perception of referring to the (TESSA)
questionnaire template.
respondent to water
05 04
tariff.
Service Specific Reason why site is particularly important for this Additional detail on the service,
category services ecosystem services beneficiaries and/or importance
Large number of High magnitude High
beneficiaries irreplaceability
Water related domestic          Raw water source to Kedah (96%),
services water Penang (80%) and Perlis (70%) serve
consumption 4.09 million of people

Irrigation          irrigating the paddy cultivation in

Kedah state which accounts for 40% of

SITE BACKGROUND &

ALTERNATIVE STATE
the nation’s rice production, important

COMMUNICATION
for the country food security

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD
ANALYSIS &

APPRAISAL

CONTEXT
Drought /          Muda and Beris dam prevent water
flood run out during 2016 El-Nino
prevention
Local climate carbon          Large amount of carbon stored in the
regulation storage in tree and soil
tree and soil
Harvest wild honey and         Tualang honey and “pekasam ikan” is
goods fish well known as local special product
Recreation Ecotourism         Salt lick area and the lime stone cave
and tourism is a unique attraction in the forest

Timber           Logging revenue is the main income

production for Kedah state
 57% of 70% of Penangites
Penangites believe
their water believe they have enough
resource will be of fresh water to meet
treated in the people demand
future 63% of

SITE BACKGROUND &

ALTERNATIVE STATE
Penangites don’t know

INTRODUCTION
TESSA METHOD
where is Ulu Muda

APPRAISAL

CONTEXT
FINDING
73% think that
Penang’s water tariff
is average
60% of
Penangites don’t
know where is their
water sources come
from
 Thank You!

Thank You