Chemistry- XI

Unit - 2 Structure of Atom

Part-2

Quantum mechanical model of atom

Prepared by:
Mr. Rakesh Soni
Mr. Sandeep Kumar
PGT (Chemistry)
Chandigarh Region
 Outline

• Review on previous topic

• Dual behavior of matter
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Significance of Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Quantum mechanical model of atom
• Important Features of the Quantum Mechanical
Model of Atom
 Structure of Atom
Review on previous topic

Bohr’s model of an Atom

• Development leading to Bohr’s model of an atom
• Main Postulates
• Limitations
• Success of Bohr’s model of an atom
 Dual behavior of matter

de Broglie proposed that matter exhibits dual behavior i.e.

matter shows both particle and wave nature.
For microscopic object
λ= ℎ
𝑚𝑣
or
1
λ ∝ . (mv = p)
𝑝
Wave nature of matter
Wave nature of matter
 Heisenberg uncertainty principle

It states that it is impossible to determine

simultaneously both the exact position and exact
momentum (or velocity) of an electron.
The product of their uncertainties is always equal to or
greater than h/4π.
Mathematically ∆x . ∆p ≥ h/4π
Where ∆x is the uncertainty in position
∆p is the uncertainty in momentum
 Significance of Heisenberg
uncertainty principle

This principle is applicable only for microscopic

particles such as electrons, protons & ions etc. It is
not applicable for macroscopic particles like a cricket
ball or a moving car etc.
Video on Heisenberg uncertainty principle 1:29 min
Video on Quantum mechanical model of atom
7:06 min
Quantum mechanical model of atom : Quantum
mechanics is a theoretical science that deals with the
study of the motions of the microscopic objects that
have both observable wave like and particle like
properties. It specifies the laws of motion that these
objects obey.
Schrödinger equation is written as
Important Features of the Quantum
Mechanical Model of Atom :
•The energy of electrons in atoms is quantized.
•The existence of quantized electronic energy levels is a
direct result of the wave like properties of electrons and
are allowed solutions of Schrödinger wave equation.
• Both the exact position and exact velocity of an electron
in an atom cannot be determined simultaneously
(Heisenberg uncertainty principle).
•An atomic orbital is the wave function for an electron in
an atom.
•The probability of finding an electron at a point within an
atom is proportional to the square of the orbital wave
function is known as probability density and is always
positive.
 Recapitulation :
• Dual behavior of matter
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Significance of Heisenberg uncertainty
principle
• Quantum mechanical model of atom
• Important Features of the Quantum Mechanical
Model of Atom
 Assignments :

1 State de-Broglie concept of dual nature of matter.

2 State Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

3The effect of uncertainty principle is significant only

for motion of microscopic particles and is negligible
for the macroscopic particles. Justify this with the help
of a suitable example?

4 Write the schrodinger wave equation in three

dimensions.
THANKS