Sensor and Transducers

(KEE 052)
Analog to Digital IO

Group members
Ram Vijay Yadav (2007340200040)
Rishi kumar (2007340200041)
Rohit kumar (2007340200042)
 Introduction
An Analog -to-digital converter is any device that converts
Analog signals (continuous quantity) into digital signals
(discrete time digital representation).

 The Analog signal is a continuous sinusoidal wave form that

cannot be read by a computer, hence the need for conversion.

ADC occurs via three steps:

1. Sampling
2. Quantization
3. Encoding
 Sampling
Sampling is defined as, “The process of measuring the
instantaneous values of continuous-time signal in a
discrete form.”

When a source generates an analog signal and if that has to be

digitized, having 1s and 0s. This discretization of analog signal
is called as Sampling.
 Quantization
•Quantization is the process of mapping continuous
amplitude (analog) signals into discrete amplitude
(digital) signals.

•Quantization is representing the sampled values of the

amplitude by a finite set of levels, which means converting a
continuous-amplitude sample into a discrete-time signal.
 Types of ADC
Dual slope A/D converter
 In dual slope type ADC, the integrator generates two different ramps, one with
the known analog input voltage VA and another with a known reference voltage –
Vref. Hence it is called a s dual slope A to D converter. The logic diagram for the
same is shown below.
Successive Approximation A/D converter
The SAR ADC is a modern type IC and much faster than dual slope ADC
since it is uses digital values that converges the Analog input voltage to the
closest value.
The circuit consist of comparators, output latches, successive
Approximation registers and DAC.
 Applications:
Used in computer to convert the analog signal to digital signal.
Used in cell phones.
Used in microcontrollers.
Used in digital signal processing.
Used in digital storage oscilloscopes.
Used in scientific instruments.
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Thank You..