4.1 - One To One Inverse - Functions Introduction

Module 4
One to One Functions

Inverse Functions
Larson, College Algebra, 10th Edition. © 2018 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4.1 One to One Functions
Objectives
• determines the inverse of a one-to-one function.
• represents an inverse function through its: (a) table of
values, and (b) graph.
• finds the domain and range of an inverse function
• solves problems involving inverse functions
Introduction: One to One Functions
Functions
Recall that a function is a set of ordered pairs where every first
coordinate has exactly one second coordinate.
Definition of Function
A function f from a set A to a set B is a relation that assigns to

each element x in the set A exactly one element y in the set B.
The set A is the domain (or set of inputs) of the function f, and the
set B contains the range (or set of outputs).
One to One Function Definition
A function is said to be one to one if whenever , it implies
that your
A one-to-one function has the added constraint that each
2nd coordinate has exactly one 1st coordinate.
How to Determine if a Function Is One to One?
Vertical line tests and Horizontal Line Test are used to determine if
a given relation is a function or not. Further, we can determine if a
function is one to one by using two methods:
• Testing one to one function geometrically: If the graph of g(x)

passes through a unique value of y every time, then the function
is said to be one to one function.
• Testing one to one function algebraically: The function g is said to

be one to one if a = b for every g(a) = g(b)
How to Determine if a Function Is One to One?
If no horizontal line intersects the graph of the function in more than
one point, then the function is one to one .
Figure 1. One to one function Figure 2. Many to one function
4.2 Inverse Function
How does an inverse function exist?
To have an inverse function, a function must be one to
one.
A function is said to be one to one if whenever , it implies that
your
This mean that for each y-value there is only one x-value.
Inverse Function Definition
Inverse functions are a pair of function that perform the
opposite operations. The inverse function of f(x) is
denoted by f-1(x), read "f inverse".
For example, f(x) = x - 2 has an

inverse function f-1(x) = x + 2
because for any value of x the
value for f(x) when substituted
into f-1(x) equals x.
Figure 1. Inverse function
Inverse Function
The inverse of the ordered pairs (x, y) is the set of all ordered
pairs (y, x).
The domain of the function is the range of the inverse

function and the range of the function is the domain of the
inverse functions.
Symbol:
Inverse Function
Another way to describe inverse functions is to say that the set
of ordered pairs for f(x) is the opposite of the set of ordered
pairs for f-1(x).
: (1, -1), (2, 0), (3, 1), (4, 2)
: (-1, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)
How to find the Inverse Function?
Let’s try to find the inverse function of the following.
f (x)  8x  1 Change .
Switch the x’s and y’s.
Solve for y.
Change to y to functional
notation .
f (x)  8x  1 f ( x)  8 x  1 Change .
y  8x  1
x  8 y 1
8 y  x 1 Solve for y.
x 1
y
8
x  1 Change to y to functional
f x  
1
8 notation .
3x  1
f ( x) 
2
3x  1
f x  
3x  1 2 Change .
f ( x)  y
3x  1
2 2
3y 1
x
2
3 y 1  2x
Solve for y.
3 y  2 x 1
2x 1
y
3
Change to y to functional
1 2x 1 notation .
f 
3
2
f (x)  x  4
f (x)  x  4 2 f x   x  4 2
Change .
2
y  x 4 Switch the x’s and y’s.
2
x y 4
Solve for y.
2
y  x4
y  x4 Change to y to
functional notation .
1
f ( x)   x  4
How to graph the Inverse Function?
 5,3 3,5
 4,2 2,4
 3,1 1,3
 2,1 1,2
1,1 1,1
0,1 1,0
1,5 5,1
How to graph the Inverse Function?
The domain of f 1
x  is the range of f(x).
The graph of an inverse function can be found by reflecting a
function in the line y=x.
x 1
Check this by plotting y = 3x + 1 and y  3
Table of values for y = 3x+1:
x -1 0 1 2
y
Table of values for
x
y
Table of values for y = 3x+1:
x -1 0 1 2
y -2 1 4 7
Table of values for
x -2 1 4 7
y -1 0 1 2

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Module 4

One to One Functions

A function f from a set A to a set B is a relation that assigns to

• Testing one to one function geometrically: If the graph of g(x)

• Testing one to one function algebraically: The function g is said to

Figure 1. One to one function Figure 2. Many to one function

For example, f(x) = x - 2 has an

The domain of the function is the range of the inverse

: (1, -1), (2, 0), (3, 1), (4, 2)

: (-1, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)

Switch the x’s and y’s.

Table of values for

Table of values for

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