Chapter 1

Introduction to
Alternative Energy
What do you know about alternative
energy?

4
What is Alternative Energy???
Alternative energy is any energy source
that is an alternative to fossil fuel. These
alternatives are intended to address
concerns about such fossil fuels.

5
 Petroleum

FOSSIL FUEL

COAL NATURAL GAS

 10 things about fossil fuel
1. Three main types: oil; coal; natural gas
2. Take millions of years to form
3. Cannot be replaced once used: non-renewable
4. Found under the ground
5. Can be difficult to get
6. Burnt to give off heat
7. Burnt in power stations to generate electricity
8. Give off carbon dioxide when burnt
9. They are the main cause of air pollution
10. One day they could run out
 Renewable Energy
• Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that
comes from resources which are naturally replenished
on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves and geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four
distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/
space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy
services.

9
 Renewable Energy

• Brainstorming
– Give some examples of renewable energy resources.
– What are they?
– Which location in Malaysia?
– What are the main components?
– What are the advantages and disadvantages of it?
– Do you think the cost is cheaper than the oil or coal-fired
system?
– Is it totally green energy?
– Do you think it is relevant in Malaysia?
 Renewable Energy
Sultan Mahmud Hydroelectric Power,
Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia
8MW Kompleks Hijau Solar Farm
Location: Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia
Capacity: 8 MW, 29,092 modules
Covered Area: 17.7 acres
Building Cost: RM84 million ($19 million)
Date of Completion: Mid-Dec. 2014
Empangan Bakun
2400 MW

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Renewable Energy

Kamuthi Solar Power Project

Location: Kamuthi, Tamil Nadu, India
Capacity: 648 GW, 2.5 million modules
Covered Area: 2,500 acres
Building Cost: $679 million
Date of Completion: 21st Sept. 2016
 What is energy security??
• International Energy Agency (IEA) --> energy supply is ‘secure’ if
it is sufficient, affordable and reliable [1].
• European Commission --> “uninterrupted physical availability
of energy products on the market, at a price which is
affordable for all consumers (private and industrial)” [1].
• Risks of energy security [1];
- Energy market instability
- Technical failures
- Physical security threats
 What is energy security??
• Energy security is crucial to guarantee an uninterruptible and
reliable supply of energy not only to the nation but also to the
world’s continuous sustainable development [2].
• Three main components are laid out by Asia Pacific Energy
Research Centre (APERC) [2];
– Physical --> availability/accessibility of energy resources
– Economic --> affordability in gaining the resource and building of
energy-relevant infrastructure
– Environmental --> acceptability of the resource supply to the public
Recent Energy Scenario [3]

toe – tonnes of oil equivalent

Recent Energy Scenario

OECD – Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

Recent Energy Scenario
Types of alternative energy

SOLAR HYDROGEN
BIOMASS GEOTHERMAL
WIND WAVE
TIDAL HYDRO Renewable

NUCLEAR Non-renewable

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 References

[1] S. OLZ, R. Sims and N. Kirchner, Contribution of Renewables to

Energy Security, Inter. Energy Agency, 2017.
[2] Suruhanjaya Tenaga Energy Commission, Energy in Malaysia:
Towards a Brighter Future, Energy Malaysia, Vol. 12, 2017.
[3] Bob Dudley, BP Energy Outlook: 2018 Edition, BP, 2018.
Thank You For Watching