Reproduction in Plants

By : Mrs. Rani
Reproduction

• The process of producing offspring by the parent is called reproduction.

• It is a biological process.

• The offspring produced can and cannot be the exact copy of the parent.
Mode of Reproduction:
There are two modes of reproduction,
1. asexual reproduction
2. and sexual reproduction.
4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Solution:

Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

It requires only one parent Requires a male and female parent

Daughter cells formed are identical to parents and to each Newly formed offsprings show variations in comparison to the
other. parents.

Special reproductive organs are not required Special reproductive organs are required

Ex: Yeast. Ex: Insects, animals

Sexual Reproduction

Flowers are the reproductive part of a plant.

• They help the plants in sexual reproduction and producing fruits and seeds.

• In sexual reproduction, a male cell is produced by the male part of a flower which fuses
with a female cell produced by the female part of the flower.

• These cells are called gametes, which when combined form a zygote by the process called
fertilisation.
Parts of a Flower

The main parts of a flower are

(i) Sepals These are the green leaf-like outermost circle of the flower.

All the sepals are together referred to as calyx. The function of the calyx is to protect the flower when it is

in bud form.
(ii) Petals
• These are the colourful and most attractive part of the flower.
• These lie inside the sepals.
• These are scented and attract insects for pollination.
What is the Difference Between Sepals and Petals?

Sepals vs Petals

Sepals are green leaf-like structure of the flower. Petals are a type of modified leaves which surrounds the
reproductive units of flowers.

Function
Sepals provide protection to the flower during bud Petals are involved in attracting pollinating agents.
conditions.

Color
Sepals are mostly in green color. Petals are brightly colored.

Collective Name
Sepals are collectively termed as a calyx. Petals are collectively termed as a corolla.
(iii) Stamen
• It is a male reproductive organ of a plant
• The stamen is made up of two parts, i.e. filament and another.
• The stalk of stamen is called filament and the swollen top of stamen is
called anther.
The anther contains the pollen grain which have male gamete in it. Pollen
grains are exposed when the anther ripens and splits. These appear as the
yellow powder like substance which is sticky in nature. Flowers usually have
a number of stamens in it.
(iv) Pistil
• It is the female reproductive part of a flower that lies in the centre of a
flower.
• These are made up of three parts, i.e. stigma, style and ovary.
• The top part of the pistil is called stigma. It receives the pollen grains
from the anther during pollination.
• The middle part of the pistil is tube-like structure called style which
connects stigma to the ovary.
Recap
• Reproduction that occurs with the involvement of male and female gametes is
called sexual reproduction.
• Male gamete produced by pollen grains and female gamete produced by ovary of
the pistil fuses to form a zygote.
• Stigma, style and ovary together forms pistil. 
• Seed is produced in this mode of reproduction.
• This reproduction occurs through the reproductive part of the plant i.e., flower.
• The flower has both male reproductive parts called stamens and female
reproductive part called pistil.
• Flowers that has either pistil or stamens is called unisexual flowers and flowers
that has both pistil and stamens is called bisexual flowers.
pollination
6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Solution:

Self-pollination Cross-pollination

In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the

In self-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the
anther to the stigma of the same flower. anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the
same kind.

Self-pollination occurs only in bisexual flowers It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers
Seed Dispersal
• The movement of seeds by water, wind and animals is called seed
dispersal.
• Examples of the seeds dispersed by animals are xanthium and urena.
• Examples of seed dispersed when the fruit burst with sudden jerk are
castor and balsam.
• Seed dispersal is important because it reduces overcrowding of seeds
of plants and hence each plant gets an adequate amount of water and
sunlight.
Asexual Reproduction 

 
• Reproduction that occurs without the involvement of male and female gamete is
called asexual reproduction.
• Seed is not produced in this mode of reproduction.
Vegetation propagation

Reproduction that occurs through vegetative part of the plant i.e.,

leaves, stems and roots is called vegetation propagation.
• Examples of organism produced by vegetative propagation are:
• Onion, garlic and tulip are produced by the stems.
• Sweet Potato and Dahlia are produced by the roots.
• Bryophyllum is produced by leaves. 
Budding 
• Bud is the small bulb-like structure bulging from the yeast cell.
• Bud when it gets detached it develops into a new organism and this
process of producing new organism from the bud when it gets
detached is called budding.
• Examples of organisms produced by budding are yeast and hydra.
Fragmentation
• The process by which organisms get divided into a number of
fragments and each fragment develops into a new individual is called
fragmentation.
• Fragmentation in spirogyra is an example of this type.
Spore Formation
• The process by which organisms get divided into a number of spores
and each spore develops into a new individual under favorable
conditions is called spore formation.
• Spore formation in fungi, fern and bacteria are some examples of this
type. 
Thank u students !!!
jai hind !!