Roof

Trib Area = 24’-0” x 9’-0” = 216 sqft

DL = (90 psf)(216 sqft)/1000 = 19.44k
LL = (20 psf) (216 sqft)/1000 = 4.32k
CW = (15 psf)(24ft)(15ft)/1000 = 5.4k
 2nd Floor
Trib Area = 24’-0” x 9’-0” = 216 sqft
DL = (100 psf)(216 sqft)/1000 = 21.6k
LL = (100 psf) (216 sqft)/1000 = 21.6k
CW = (15 psf)(24ft)(15ft)/1000 = 5.4k
 DL 19.44k
LL 4.32k
CW 5.4k
Column
P V M
C4 - 0 + - 0 + - 0 +
-29.16k

-77.76k
LL 21.6k
DL 21.6k

CW 5.4k

-77.76k - 0 + - 0 + - 0 +
 WIND LOADS
SEISMIC LOADS
LATERAL LOAD FLOW
FRAMES and SHEAR WALLS
WIND LOAD
Wind Loading

W2 = 30 PSF

W1 = 20 PSF
 Wind Load spans to each level

1/2 LOAD

W2 = 30 PSF
SPAN 10 ft
1/2 +
1/2 LOAD

SPAN 10 ft
W1 = 20 PSF

1/2 LOAD
Total Wind Load to roof level

roof= (30 PSF)(5 FT)

= 150 PLF
Total Wind Load to second floor level

second= (30 PSF)(5 FT) +

(20 PSF)(5 FT)
= 250 PLF
 roof= 150 PLF

second= 250 PLF

SEISMIC LOAD
Determine Spectral Response Parameters at design location

At 37.80 N , -122.37 W :
Ss = 1.50
S1 = 0.60
Determine Site Coefficients
Site Class : D
Ss > 1.25
Fa = 1.0

S1 > 0.5
Fv = 1.5

Determine Design Spectral

Acceleration Parameters

SMS = (1.0)(1.5) = 1.5

SDS = (2/3)(1.5) = 1.0
Cs = SDS /(R/I)
=1.0/(R/I)

Class II : I = 1.0

Ordinary Moment
Resisting Frame :
R = 3.5

V = 1.0/3.5 W
0.3 W
 Seismic Load is
generated by the inertia
of the mass of the
structure : VBASE

VBASE = (Cs)(W)

Redistributed (based on
relative height and
weight) to each level as a
‘Point Load’ at the
center of mass of the
( VBASE )
structure or element in
question : FX
Fx = VBASE Wx hx
(w h)
Total Seismic Loading :
VBASE = 0.3 W

W = Wroof + Wsecond
Wroof
Wsecond flr
W = Wroof + Wsecond flr
VBASE
Redistribute Total Seismic Load
to each level based on relative
height and weight

Froof

Fsecond flr

VBASE (wx)(hx)
Fx =
 (w h)
 VBASE (wx)(hx)
Fx =
 (w h)

In order to solve the equivalent lateral force distribution equation,

we suggest you break it up into a spreadsheet layout

Floor w h (w)(h) (w)(h)/(w)(h) Vbase Fx

Roof 166.67k 30ft 5000k-ft 0.625 110k 68.75k
2nd 200k 15ft 3000k-ft 0.375 110k 41.25k
(366.67k) (8000k-ft) (110k)

Vbase = 0.3W = 0.3(166.67k+200k) = 0.3(366.67k) = 110k

 Load Flow to Lateral Resisting System :

Distribution based on Relative Rigidity

Single Bay MF : 2 - Bay MF : 3 - Bay MF :

Assume Relative Rigidity : Rel Rigidity = 1 Rel Rigidity = 2 Rel Rigidity = 3
Distribution based on
Relative Rigidity :
R = 1+1+1+1 = 4
Px = ( Rx / R ) (Ptotal)
PMF1 = 1/4 Ptotal
Lateral Load Flow
diaphragm > collectors/drags > frames
 STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGM

A structural diaphragm is a horizontal structural system used to transfer

lateral loads to shear walls or frames primarily through in-plane shear
stress

Basically, combined with vertical shear walls or frames IT ACTS LIKE A

LARGE I-BEAM
STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGM

Flexible or Semi-flexible Type:

Plywood
Metal Decking
STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGM
Rigid Diaphragm Type:

Reinforced Concrete Slab

Concrete-filled Metal Deck composite Slab
Braced/horizontal truss
 STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGM

Rigid Diaphragm: Flexible Diaphragm:

Almost no deflection Deflects horizontally

Can transmit loads Cannot transmit loads through
through torsion torsion
COLLECTORS and DRAGS
COLLECTORS and DRAG STRUTS

A beam element or line of reinforcement that

carries or “ collects” loads from a diaphragm
and carries them axially to shear walls or
frames.

A drag strut or collector behaves like a

column.
 COLLECTOR FRAME

DIAPHRAGM

COLLECTOR FRAME

Lateral Load Flow

diaphragm > collectors/drags > frames
 COLLECTOR FRAME

LATERAL
DIAPHRAGM
LOAD
(WIND)

COLLECTOR FRAME

Lateral Load Flow

diaphragm > collectors/drags > frames
 COLLECTOR FRAME

LATERAL
DIAPHRAGM
LOAD

COLLECTOR FRAME

Lateral Load Flow

diaphragm > collectors/drags > frames
LATERAL
COLLECTOR FRAME
LOAD

COLLECTOR FRAME
DIAPHRAGM
COLLECTOR

COLLECTOR FRAME
LATERAL FORCE RESISTING
SYSTEMS:
MOMENT Resisting frames
Diagonally BRACED frames
SHEAR walls
INSTABILITY OF THE
FRAME

Pinned connections
cannot resist rotation.

This is not a structure

but rather a mechanism.
STABILIZE THE FRAME

FIX ONE OR MORE OF THE BASES

STABILIZE THE FRAME

FIX ONE OR MORE OF THE CORNERS

STABILIZE THE FRAME

ADD A DIAGONAL BRACE

RELATIVE STIFFNESS OF FRAMES AND WALLS

LOW DEFLECTION HIGH DEFLECTION

HIGH STIFFNESS LOW STIFFNESS

ATTRACTS MORE LOAD ATTRACTS LESS LOAD

BRACED FRAMES
BRACED FRAMES
SHEAR WALLS
SHEAR WALLS
SHEAR WALLS
SHEAR WALLS
SHEAR WALLS
MOMENT FRAMES
MOMENT FRAMES
 MOMENT FRAMES
INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

SOLVE BY “ PORTAL FRAME METHOD”

 MOMENT
FRAMES
PINNED BASE =4 UNKNOWNS, 3
EQUATIONS, STATICALLY
INDETERMINATE TO FIRST DEGREE

SOLVE BY “ PORTAL FRAME METHOD”

 MOMENT FRAMES
FIXED BASE =6 UNKNOWNS, 3 AVAILABLE EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE TO THE 3 RD DEGREE

SOLVE BY “ PORTAL FRAME METHOD”