DESIGNING A HIGHLY NONLINEAR

NORMALLY DISPERSIVE OPTICAL FIBER

FOR EFFICIENT PARABOLIC PULSE
GENERATION
By

DEBASRUTI CHOWDHURY, Mousumi Basu*, Dipankar Ghosh

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
BENGAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
HOWRAH – 711103
27th March, 2014
 Pulse Propagation through NDF
Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF) are generally NDF.
 Compensation of dispersion at wavelength around 1550 nm
in a single mode fiber.
 Dispersion coefficient is negative and large at 1550 nm.
In the normal dispersion regime,
due to the interaction between
dispersive and nonlinear effects, a
high intensity pulse suffers wave
breaking. However, for a linearly
chirped parabolic pulse, this effect
can be avoided if the chirp of the
pulse is such that the rate of change
of phase with time is the same for all
parts of the pulse, resulting in the
pulse evolving in a self-similar
manner.
Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India
IMPORTANCE OF PARABOLIC SIMILARITONS
 Parabolic Pulses propagate in a self-similar manner through
certain conserving relationships among energy, pulse width
and frequency chirp and are often referred to as similaritons,
by analogy with the well known solitons.

 Applications of Similaritons:
Pulse compression and super continuum generation,
Femtosecond Lasers, Pulse reshaping.
 Approaches for Similariton Generation:
 by Optical Amplifiers
 by passive Dispersion Decreasing Fibers (DDFs)
 Hybrid approach of dispersion tapering and external gain

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

 HIGHLY NONLINEAR FIBER (HNLF)
 HNLF is a special kind of fiber which possesses higher value
of nonlinearity as well as dispersion. As a result the effective
area of such kind of fiber becomes very small.

 Applications of HNLFs:

 The nonlinear effects are useful to study the phenomena like

pulse compression, soliton transmission, waveform
reshaping and many more.
 Fiber nonlinearities can also be positively used in fiber lasers
such as Raman fiber lasers, Brillouin fiber lasers, parametric
oscillators and wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse
generation.
Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India
Design and Optimization of A Normally Dispersive Highly Nonlinear
Fiber (ND-HNLF)
A step index central core depressed clad fiber is selected.
The refractive index profile of the proposed fiber:

 n12 1  2R q   n12 , R  1,


n  R    n12 1  2 1   n32 ,
2
1  R  P,
 n 2 1  2   n 2 , R  P,
 1 2

n12  n2 2
 2
 0.041
2n1

n12  n32
 2  1.079
n1  n2 2

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

 Optimization of Fiber Parameters to make a ND-HNLF
Objective:
A ND-HNLF with lowest effective area at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm
such that the modal field distribution reduces to zero rapidly inside the cladding.

Optimizing parameter: Optimized Parameter:

 Inner cladding width (w),  Effective area(Aeff),
 V-value, V  2 a n12  n2 2
 2

[   2 (r)r dr ]
 Aeff  2 0


 (r) r dr
4

0

 Nonlinear coefficient (γ),

k0 n2
 
Aeff
 GVD (𝛽₂) ‚
 TOD (𝛽₃).
Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India
 Optimization of Fiber Parameters to make a ND-HNLF

Operating wavelength is 1550

nm.
Optimization process was
started with slightly lower value
of V (~ 1.67).
For V = 1.67 , GVD = 112.18
ps2/km and TOD = -0.34 ps3/km .
 For V = 2.01, GVD decreases
to a value of 35.52 ps2/km and
TOD becomes 0.129 ps3/km.

Variation of GVD and TOD factors with V-parameter

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

 Nonlinear pulse propagation through ND-HNLF
 With proper optimization, we obtain a ND-HNLF having higher values of third order
dispersion (- 0.31 ps3/km) and group velocity dispersion (GVD) ~ 99.4 ps2/km.
 Core radius , a = 0.979 μm and the effective core area = 5.566 μm2 .
 The Nonlinear coefficient (γ) =  24.76 W-1km-1 (Comparatively high with respect to
standard fibers)
 Initial Gaussian pulses of different input powers are passed through the proposed
ND-HNLF.

Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) in presence of

third order dispersion (TOD):

TOD factor Gain over loss

Nonlinear
GVD factor
coefficient

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

 Pulse propagation through the proposed ND-HNLF

 Input- Gaussian pulses

with different input powers.
 Output- parabolic pulse
as misfit in each case < 0.01 .
 Minimum value of misfit
parameter = 0.004 at smallest
optimum length (Lopt) = 489
m, P0 = 1W, which is much
smaller than the Lopt of
standard fibers.

Variation of misfit parameters with fiber length of the designed

ND-HNLF for different input powers (P0) of the pulse

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

 Evolution of a Gaussian pulse into parabolic one

(a) (b)

Evolution of an input Gaussian pulse through ND-HNLF towards parabolic

self-similar regime in (a) temporal and (b) spectral domains

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

nonlinear
A normally Conclusion
dispersive highly
very smallfiber (ND-HNLF)
effective core with
areaa
has
the been
The TOD designed
GVDis ishigh 99.43 and optimized.
ps 2
/km and
different
When input Gaussian~ -0.31 ps
pulses
3
/km.
of
through the powers
proposed are fed
fiber,
perfectly
parabolic linearly
similaritons chirped
are
generated
Advantages at the
of output
ND-HNLF: end.
formed
Perfect even
Parabolic
in Similariton
presence of is
high
TOD
capableand nonlinearity.
A relatively shorter fiber is
parabolic to
pulse produce
at the perfect
output
 end.
Due to these advantages it can
be
HNLFsaid that
should the
be proposed
a choice ND-
for
fiber optic
producing manufacturers
parabolic similaritons for
at
smaller optimum length.
Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India
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Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

 Acknowledgment

Thanks to
Department of Science and Technology (DST),
Govt. of India
for
providing financial support.

Physics, Bengal Engineering & Science University, India

THANK YOU