#SYLLABUS:

Introduction to limits
Continuity and differentiability
Rolle’s Theorem , Lagrange’s Mean value Theorem and Cauchy
mean value theorem.
Successive Differentiation( order derivatives),
Leibnitz theorem and its application,
Envelop, Involutes and Evolutes,
Curve Tracing; Cartesian and polar co-ordinates
 1) Rolle’s Theorem
𝑖𝑓 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠

i) Continous at [a,b]
ii) a,b]

𝐼𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑐𝜖 ( 𝑎,𝑏)

𝑆𝑢𝑐h 𝑡h𝑎𝑡 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑐 )=0
 Q: Verify Rolle’s Theorem for
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 :
3 [ 𝑎, 𝑏 ]= [ 2 , −2 ]
⇒ 𝑓 ( 2 )= ( 2 ) − 4 ×2
⇒ 8 − 8=0 i) Continous at [a,b]
ii) a,b]
3
⇒ 𝑓 ( −2 ) =( −2 ) − 4 × ( −2 )
⇒− 8+8=0
 i) Continuous at [a,b]
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑐 )=0
ii) a,b]
3 𝑐 2 − 4=0
3 𝑐 2=4
2 4 2
𝑐 = ⇒ 𝑐= =1.15 𝜖 ( 𝑎, 𝑏 )
3 √3

Hence, Rolle’s Theorem verified

2) Lagrange’s mean value theorem
𝑖𝑓 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠

i) Continous at [a,b]
ii) a,b]

𝐼𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑐𝜖 ( 𝑎,𝑏)

𝑓 (𝑏 )− 𝑓 (𝑎)
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑐)
𝑏− 𝑎
 Q: Verify Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem for
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 : 2 [ 𝑎, 𝑏 ]= [ 1 , 5 ]
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥
i) Continuous at [a,b]
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑐 )=2𝑐
ii) a,b]
𝑓 (1 )=( 1 )2=1
2
𝑓 (5 )= (5 ) =25
𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡h𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑏 )− 𝑓 (𝑏 )
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑐 )
𝑏−𝑎
 𝑓 (𝑏 )− 𝑓 (𝑏 )
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑐 ) Last Page:
𝑏−𝑎
2
𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) = 𝑓 ( 1 )=( 1 ) =1
25 − 1
=2 𝑐 2
𝑓 ( 𝑏 )= 𝑓 ( 5 )=( 5 ) =25
5−1
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑐 )=2𝑐
24
=2 𝑐
4
6
6=2 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑐= =3
2
𝑐=3 𝑠𝑜 𝑐 𝜖 ( 1,5 )
Hence, Rolle’s Theorem verified
3) Cauchy’s Mean value Theorem

𝑇h𝑒𝑛𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏

𝑓 (𝑏 )− 𝑓 (𝑎) 𝑓 ′ (𝑐 )
= ′
𝑔 (𝑏 )− 𝑔 (𝑎) 𝑔 (𝑐 )
 Q: Verify Cauchy’s mean value theorem for the function
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 : 1
𝑓 𝑥 =√𝑥
( ) 𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) =
√𝑥
′ 1 1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑔 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =−
2 √𝑥 2𝑥
3 /2

′ 1 𝑔 ′ ( 𝑐 )=−
1
𝑓 ( 𝑐 )= 2𝑐
3 /2
2 √𝑐
1
𝑔 (1)= =1
√1
1
𝑔 ( 2) =
√2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 :
𝑓 (𝑏 )− 𝑓 (𝑎) 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑐 ) 𝐿𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑔𝑒 :
=
( ) ( ) 𝑔 ( 𝑐 ) 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑐 ) = 1 𝑔 ′ ( 𝑐 )=− 13 /2
′
𝑔 𝑏 −𝑔 𝑎
2 √𝑐 2𝑐
1
⇒
√ 2 −1 = 2 √ 𝑐
1 1
−1 −  
√2 2𝑐
3/2 1
𝑔 (𝑎 ) ⇒ 𝑔 (1)= =1
√ 2 −1 −𝑐 3 /2 √11
⇒ = 𝑔 ( 𝑏 ) ⇒ 𝑔 ( 2 )=
( 1 − √ 2 ) 𝑐 1/ 2   √2
√2

⇒𝑐=1.41𝑐 𝜖 ( 𝑎 ,𝑏 )