NATIONAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, K.R.

NAGAR,
KOVILPATTI- 628503
( AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION – AFFILIATED TO ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI )

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Change Detection of Land use Land Cover

Landsat Images
Batch ID : 09
Guided by: Presented by:
Ms.V. Anitha Manjula Devi M - 1915040
Assistant Professor/ IT Sushmitha K - 1915056
Valli Meena S - 1915057

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 INTRODUCTION

•Land is one of the most important environmental resources for human survival. For
several decades, the global trend of economic development and population growth has resulted
in abrupt changes to the Earth's terrestrial surfaces.

•There are signs that the rate of these changes will pick up in the near future.

•Changes in the Earth's surface caused by anthropogenic activities are commonly referred
to as land use and land cover (LULC) changes.

•Though the terms LULC are frequently used interchangeably, they are fundamentally
different.

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Utilization of most of the cultivable lands and water resources for Urban construction and
recreation, has created a mass depletion of those resources.

• If this state continues to exist in near future, there won’t be no enough cultivation land, forest
resources, flora and fauna to feed the entire rapid growing Urban population.

• The findings of this investigation indicate an expected rapid change in Land Use and Land Cover
for the upcoming years.

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 OBJECTIVE

The objective is to detect the changes in temporal Land Use and Land Cover Remote Sensing
Images which is helpful in decision and plan making process.

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps of an area provide information to help users to understand
the current landscape.

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 ABSTRACT
• Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes  caused by human activities are mostly influenced by
many socio-economic factors such as population, utilizing agricultural lands into construction.

• The aim is to define the land cover changes occurring in specific area  with change detection
techniques by using Landsat satellite images belonging to different years 'T1' and 'T2' which are
obtained by the technique of remote sensing.

• Supervised approaches is used to derive different land use classes in order to provide a more
accurate land use classification scheme followed by maximum likelihood classification. Using
Post-Classification Comparison Change Detection compare and evaluate the classified photos
from the two time periods to determine the change-detecting matrix, and finally, build the change
map.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
S. NAME OF NAME OF AUTHOR DATASET PROCESSES & ALGORITHMS ADVANTAGE
N THE PAPER THE NAME USED S&
O JOURNAL PROCESSES ALGORITHMS DISADVANTA
GES

1 Monitoring Environmental Bhavna  Landsat TM and 1)Image Pre- Layer Ensures

of land use Science and Singh, OLI images with Processing Stacking accuracy and
land cover Pollution Veluswamy  a 30-m spatial speediness.
dynamics Research  Venkatramana resolution
and prediction (2022): 1-21. n and in 1989, 2000, 2) Image Maximum Ecosystem
of urban Benidhar  2010 and 2020 classifcation Likelihood service value
growth using Deshmukh2 were used as and accuracy Classification shows
Land Change data source for assessment continuous
Modeler this study decline.
in Delhi (downloaded
and its from USGS
environs, https://earth.expl Accuracy -96%
India orer.usgs.gov)

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S. NAME OF THE NAME OF AUTHOR DATASET USED PROCESSES & ALGORITHMS ADVANTAGE
N PAPER THE NAME S&
O JOURNAL PROCESSES ALGORITHM DISADVANTA
S GES

2 Prediction of Sustainable Saputra, (ASTER 1)Simulation ANN-CA It can be used

land use and land Urban and Muhammad GDEM) v2 is one model to determine
cover changes Rural Hadi, and of the most widely LULC changes
for north Developmen Han Soo Lee. used DEM datasets 2)Validation Validation of by considering
sumatra, t digital elevation the LULC the possible
indonesia, using model (DEM), simulation factors that may
an artificial- road map, using values of influence the
neural-network- soil types and three the Kappa changes.
based cellular LULC maps for coefficient to
automaton. 1990, 2000, and evaluate The predicted
2010 future LULC
changes
obtained in this
study are very
limited in a
conservative
manner.
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S. NAME OF NAME OF AUTHOR DATASET USED PROCESSES & ALGORITHMS ADVANTAGE
N THE PAPER THE NAME S&
O JOURNAL DISADVANTA
PROCESSES ALGORITHM
GES
S

3 Remote Environmenta H. Shen, Landsat 2 1) Training field survey The sentences

sensing‐based l Science and J.Abuduwaili, Multispectral data Google Earth are typically
land surface Technology L. Ma, Scanner (MSS), imagery and simple and are
change A. Samat1,2 Landsat 5 historic maps easily
identifcation Thematic Mapper distinguished
and prediction (TM) and Landsat 2) Detection post- from more
in the Aral Sea 8 1977, 1987, classifcation fluent human
bed, Central 1996, 2006 and detection generated
Asia 2015, Geological method descriptions.
Survey (USGS)
Web site 3) Prediction CA Markov Temporal
(http:// model relationships
glovis.usgs.gov/). are lost.

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S. NAME OF THE NAME OF AUTHOR DATASET USED PROCESSES & ALGORITHMS ADVANTAGE
N PAPER THE NAME S&
O JOURNAL DISADVANTA
PROCESSES ALGORITHM GES
S

4 Analysis of the Internationa Fajar Landsat 5 TM and 1)Image pre- Convert the Demonstrates
dynamics of land l Journal of Yulianto, SRTM30 DEM processing Digital Number the
use change Digital Taufik were provided by effectiveness
and its prediction Earth Maulana & the US Geological Maximum and time
based on the Muhammad Survey (USGS). 2)classification Likelihood efficiency of
integration of Rokhis Landsat 7 ETM+, process and (ML) algorithm the proposed
remotely sensed Khomarudin Landsat 8 mapping method.
data and CA- OLI/TIRRemote CA-Markov
Markov model, in Sensing Tech- 3) Training model Most images of
the upstream nology and Data phase scene
Citarum Center, LAPAN. residential are
Watershed, West very flat
Java,
Indonesia

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
S. NAME OF NAME OF AUTHOR DATASET PROCESSES & ALGORITHMS ADVANTAGE
N THE PAPER THE NAME USED S&
O JOURNAL PROCESSES ALGORITHMS DISADVANTA
GES

5 Assessing and EARTH Xiaochuan Qin Landsat TM and 1)Processing Histogram Demonstrates
Predicting OBSERVATIONS and Bihong Fu OLI images with matching of the
Changes of the AND REMOTE a 30-m spatial ENVI effectiveness
Ecosystem SENSING
resolution software and time
Service Values
Based on Land in 1990, 2004, efficiency of
Use/Land Cover and 2017 were the proposed
Changes With a used as data 2)Classification RF algorithm method.
Random Forest- source for this was used
Cellular study for supervised
Automata (downloaded classification Most images of
Model in from scene
Qingdao https://glovis.usg residential are
Metropolitan
Region, China
s.gov) very flat

03/22/2023 19IT71C- PROJECT WORK-1 Accuracy

10 -89%
 PROPOSED WORK
• Image pre processing techniques are conducted before performing a LULC
classification using raw Landsat Satellite Images. The training dataset for each LULC class
was obtained using Google Earth images and field points after image preprocessing.

• Each satellite image is classified using the supervised classification approach and the
Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) algorithm. Images are classified into several
categories using this method.

• In next evaluation, classified images are input to the Post classification comparison
change Detection method and produce the change map.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 ALGORITHM
Preprocessing:
• Preprocessing is required to clean image data for model input. It refers to all the
transformations on the raw data before it is fed the machine learning or deep learning algorithm.
• Noise Removal

Gaussian Filter:
A Gaussian blur is the result of blurring an
image by a Gaussian function . It is a widely used effect
in graphics software, typically to reduce image noise and
reduce detail.

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Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC) :

• In classification MLC technique was chosen for this

proposed work. MLC is a supervised classification
method derived from the Bayes theorem.

• Each pixel is assigned to the class with the highest

likelihood or labelled as unclassified if the probability
values are all below a threshold set by the user.

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Post-Classification Comparison Change Detection:

• The Post-Classification Comparison Change Detection is to classify the rectified images

separately from two periods of time, giving appropriate marks to Different particles on the surface
of the ground.

• Then, compare and analyze the classified images from the two periods to figure out the change-
detecting matrix, and finally construct the change map.

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 COMPONENTS/ TOOLS REQUIREMENTS

Tools:
PyTorch
Python
Version:
• Python 3.7
• Keras 2.2.4
• Tensorflow-gpu 1.14.0
• Torch =1.5.0

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 RESULTS
DATASET
The LULC satellite images are collected from the USGS (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) for
two different years 2010 and 2020. The satellite images are chosen from the same season to
reduce the effect of seasonal change.

Satellite Sensor Path/row Acquisition Cloud cover Resolution

date

Landsat 5 TM 146/40 29–11-2010 0%

30
147/40 06–12-2010 7%

Landsat 8 TM 146/40 10–12-2020 8.77%

30
147/40 01–12-2020 12.62%

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 Input Image - Delhi path 147 row 40 Ground Truth image
(Raw image)
2010 2020 2010 2020

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 Classified LULC map of the year 2020 Classification of 4 LULC Classes

Urban land

Dense vegetation

Sparse vegetation

Water area

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 Overall Accuracy for the year 2020 Kappa coefficient for the year 2020

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 F1 Score Detected LULC for the year 2020

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 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
From this work, 50% of lands are replaced into urban areas and sparse, dense vegetation
to residential/urban areas showed growing trends of 78.524% and 55.816% respectively. The
livelihood of the local society and the management of sustainable resources may be impacted by
these changes. To avoid unfavorable LULC dynamics in the basin, enhanced land management
practices (soil and water conservation), improved agricultural inputs, integrated watershed
management (land use planning and management), and active local community participation should
be advanced.
The LULC prediction for 2025 can be used as a thematic map in various climatic,
environmental, and urban planning models to achieve the region's goals of sustainable development.

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 REFERENCE
• Singh, Bhavna, Veluswamy Venkatramanan, and Benidhar Deshmukh. "Monitoring of land use land
cover dynamics and prediction of urban growth using Land Change Modeler in Delhi and its
environs, India." Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2022): 1-21.
• Chen, Chao, Huixin Chen, Weimin Liao, Xinxin Sui, Liyan Wang, Jianyu Chen, and Yanli Chu.
"Dynamic monitoring and analysis of land-use and land-cover change using Landsat multitemporal
data in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 210360-210369.
• Yulianto, Fajar, Taufik Maulana, and Muhammad RokhisKhomarudin. "Analysis of the dynamics of
land use change and its prediction based on the integration of remotely sensed data and CA-Markov
model, in the upstream Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia." International Journal of Digital
Earth (2018).
• Gashaw, Temesgen, Taffa Tulu, Mekuria Argaw, and Abeyou W. Worqlul. "Evaluation and
prediction of land use/land cover changes in the Andassa watershed, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia."
Environmental Systems Research 6, no. 1 (2017): 1-15.
• Han, Huiran, Chengfeng Yang, and Jinping Song. "Scenario simulation and the prediction of land
use and land cover change in Beijing, China." Sustainability 7, no. 4 (2015): 4260-4279.

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 THANKYOU

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