Fingerprint Recognition

Presented By:- Guided By:-

Arvind Kumar Mahato Dr.Sarbeswara Hota
Regd.no-2161020025 Associate Professor
MCA 3rd Semester Department of ‘CA’
MCA-’B’
 Outline
 Introduction To Biometrics
 Fingerprint
 What is Fingerprint Recognition?
 Fingerprint Recognition System
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Biometrics
Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and
analyzing biological data.
Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human
body characteristics such as DNA, Fingerprints, Eye retinas and
Irises, Voice patterns, Facial patterns and hand measurement for
authentication purposes.

The two categories of biometric identifiers include:-

Physiological Characteristics
Behavioral Characteristics
1.Physiological Characteristics :-
Fingerprint
Face Recognition
DNA
Palm Print
Hand Geometry
Iris Recognition

2.Behavioral Characteristics :-
Gait
Voice
 Fingerprint
 A fingerprint is the feature pattern of one finger.
 It is the pattern of ridges and valleys on the surface of a
finger tip.
 Each individual has a unique fingerprints so the
uniqueness by the local ridge characteristics and their
relationships.
 These local ridges characteristics are not evenly
distributed.
 Fingerprints are distinguished by Minutiae, which are some
abnormal points on the ridges.
 The most prominent local ridges characteristics called minutiae
are-
1. Ridge Ending &
2. Ridge Bifurcation
 A ridge ending is defined as the point where a ridge ends Fig 1- A fingerprint
image acquired by an
unexpectedly. Optical Sensor
 A ridge bifurcation is defined as the point where a ridge forks or
diverges into branch ridges.

Fig 2- Ridges and Valley

 What is Fingerprint Recognition?
 Fingerprint recognition is the process of comparing questioned and known
fingerprint against another fingerprint to determine if the impressions are from
the same finger or palm.

 The fingerprint recognition problem can be grouped into two sub-domains :-

 Fingerprint Verification :-
:-Fingerprint verification is to verify the authenticity of one person by his fingerprint.
 Fingerprint Identification :-
:-Fingerprint identification is to specify one persons identity by his/her fingerprints.
Fig 3- Verification VS Identification
 Fingerprint Recognition System
 Fingerprint recognition system operates in three stages:-
I. Fingerprint acquiring device
II. Minutia extraction
III. Minutia matching

Fig 4- Fingerprint Recognition System

1- Fingerprint Acquisition:-
For fingerprint acquisition, optical or semi-conduct sensors are widely
used. They have high efficiency and acceptable accuracy expert for
some cases that the users finger is too dirty or dry.

2- Minutia Extractor:-
To implement a minutia extractor, a three stage approach is widely
used by researchers which are,
 Preprocessing,
 Minutia Extraction
 Post processing stage
Fig 5- Minutia Extractor
3- Minutia Matching :-
Generally, an automatic fingerprint verification is achieved with
minutia matching instead of a pixel-wise matching or a ridge pattern
matching of fingerprint images.
The minutia matcher chooses any two minutia as a reference minutia
pair and then match their associated ridges first.
If the ridges match well, two fingerprint images are aligned and
matching is conducted for all remaining minutia.
Advantages-
Very high Accuracy.
Easy to use.
Small storage space requires for the biometric template.

Disadvantages-
 Dirt, Grim & Wounds.
 Placement of finger.
 Can be spoofed.
 Applications
 Banking Security- ATM security, Card transaction
 Physical Access Control (e.g. Airport)
 Information System Security
 National ID Systems
 Passport control (INSPASS)
 Prisoner, Prison Visitor, Inmate Control
 Voting
 Identification of Criminals
 Identification of missing child
 And many more---
 Conclusion
 The implemented minutia extraction algorithm is accurate and fast
in minutia extraction.
 The algorithm also identifies the unrecoverable regions do appear
in some of the corrupted fingerprint images and they are extremely
harmful to minutia extraction.