Process Equipment Design

Lecture 03
Design procedure of DPHE:

1. Collect the property data of the fluids at average

temperature
2. Determine the heat duty
3. Calculate the LMTD
4. Calculate with an initial guess of
5. Calculate with an initial guess of
6. Determine the wall temperature using
Design procedure of DPHE:
7. Calculate new and
• For turbulent flow,

• For transition range,

• For laminar flow,

Design procedure of DPHE:
8. Determine the design overall heat transfer coefficient using

9. Calculate the required heat transfer area and the number of

hairpins
Design procedure of DPHE:
10. Calculate pressure drop
In straight section of the pipe as 𝐺𝑜 𝐷 𝑒
𝑅 𝑒 𝑜=
𝜇 𝑜 ,𝑎𝑣𝑔
(laminar)

(turbulent) 𝐺𝑖 𝐷 𝑖
𝑅 𝑒 𝑖=
𝜇 𝑖 ,𝑎𝑣𝑔

(laminar)
(turbulent)
Design procedure of DPHE:
10. Calculate pressure drop (in psi)
In straight section of the pipe as

(laminar in inner)
(laminar in annular)

(turbulent, )
Design procedure of DPHE:
10. Calculate pressure drop
In return section of the pipe as

(turbulent)
(laminar, Re>100)
Total pressure drop =
11. If calculated pressure drop is within the specified limit (0.7
), then it is considered as the final design or go to
step 12.
Design procedure of DPHE:
10. Calculate pressure drop (in psi)
In return section of the pipe as
(turbulent)
(laminar, )
(turbulent)
(laminar, Re 100)
Total pressure drop =
11. If calculated pressure drop is within the specified limit, then
it is
considered as the final design or go to step 12.
Design procedure of DPHE:
12. Switch the fluids or connect the annuli in series and inner
pipes in parallel.
Design procedure of DPHE:
13. Calculate over-surface

Where is the actual heat transfer surface area in the exchanger

including dirt factor and
is the calculated heat transfer surface area based on clean
overall heat transfer coefficient ().
 Example 3
10,000 of benzene will be heated from 60 to 120 by heat exchange
with an aniline stream that will be cooled from 150 to 100 . A number
of 16 hairpins consisting of 2–in. by 1.25–in. schedule 40 stainless
steel pipe ( Btu/hr. ft. ) are available and will be used for this service.
A maximum pressure drop of 20 psi is specified for each stream. The
specific gravity of benzene is 0.879 and that of aniline is 1.022.
Determine the number and configuration of hairpins that are
required. A fouling factor of for each stream is considered.
Properties:
Benzene(=90 ) Aniline(=125 )
cP cP
Btu/lbm. Btu/lbm.
Btu/hr. ft. Btu/hr. ft.
Solution:
To start the solution, we first assume the hairpins are connected
in series as it is the simplest.
Introducing benzene into the inner pipe and aniline in the annular
space.
Step 1: Property estimation.
Step 2: Calculate the heat duty.
Step 3: Calculate LMTD.

Step 4: Calculate , with an initial guess of

Step 5: Calculate , with an initial guess of
Step 6: Calculate

Step 7: At 108.9
Step 8: Calculate , with dirt factor as 0.001

Step 9: Determine the heat transfer area and no.of hairpins

Step 10: Calculate
Step 11: Calculate
Step 12: Switch the fluids or connect the annuli in parallel