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1 Teori Organisasi & Aplikasinya (Tao)
1 Teori Organisasi & Aplikasinya (Tao)
(TOA) DI INDONESIA
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MARTANI HUSEINI
TEORI ORGANISASI (TO/A)
BATASAN SEBUAH TEORI DAN BUKAN TEORI ?
APA KRITERIA DEFINISI SEBUAH ORGANISASI ?
ORGANISASI APAKAH MEMILIKI BASIS TEORI ?
BAGAIMANA APLIKASI ( TO ) DI LAPANGAN ?
WHAT IS THEORY
FACT (FAKTA) Empirically Verified Observation
HYPOTHESIS (HIPOTESA) Conjectural statement
of the functional relationship among variables. It has
not been verified. It is not accepted.
THEORY (TEORI) Statement of the functional
relationship among variables. It has been partially
verified. It is partially accepted
PRINCIPLE (HUKUM) Statement of the functional
relationship among variables. It has been generally
verified. It is generally accepted
Source : P.J Solomon “Marketing Theory & Metatheory
THEORY vs META THEORY
THEORY is form in which knowledge is expressed,
and the term is used with two meanings. it
designates a tentative, speculative, or unproven
generalization concerning a subject. Second,
concept of theory is the sense in which the term is
used hereafter.
META THEORY is virtually unused in the literature,
distinction on between it and theory is needed.
Definisi :
• Karena Abstrak muncul banyak
definisi/TAFSIR
Case Studies : Organization
1.Perspektif Makro
Berkaitan dengan pembahasan masalah Organisasi yang menganalisis aspek NON-
INDIVIDU ( Lingkungan Organisasi, Efektifitas Organisasi, Teknologi Organisasi,
Struktur Organisasi, Pertumbuhan Organisasi, dll )
2. Perspektif Mikro
Berkaitan dengan pembahasan masalah Organisasi
yang menganalisis aspek INDIVIDU dan interaksinya dengan elemen
elemen Organisasi yang lainnya (Leadership, Recruitment, Corporate
Culture, HRD, etc)
MCKINSEY’S 7S FRAMEWORK
PROBLEMATIKA ORGANISASI
COMPENSATION PEOPLE
LEADERSHIP
CORPORATE SKILL
CULTURE
SYSTEM STRATEGY
STRUCTURE
PROBLEMATIKA ORGANISASI
COMPENSATION PEOPLE
CORPORATE
CULTURE
LEADERSHIP SKILL
STRATEGY
SYSTEM
STRUCTURE
BEBERAPA PENDEKATAN ( MAHZAB )
B. Pendekatan Neo-Klasik
Elton Mayo (1927 – 1932)
C. Pendekatan Modern
Joan Woodward (1950 – an)
ORGANISASI
Volume pekerjaan yang perlu diselesaikan
Kapasitas kerja
Lanjutan ...
LINGKUNGAN
ORGANISASI
INPUT OUTPUT
TRANSFORMASI
LINGKUNGAN (ENVIRONMENT)
Lingkunga
dipengaruhi
n
Lingkungan merupakan faktor-faktor luar yang berpengaruh terhadap organisasi
1. Adaptasi Internal
Penyesuaian :
• Struktur
• Pola kerja internal
• Cara forecast Terhadap lingkungan
• Perencanaan
• Kebijakan
Li
Perencanaan an
ng n
g
un
ku
k
ng
ng
Li
a
Litbang Keuangan
Enginering Promosi
PR
Perencanaan INTI
Penjualan
TEKNIS
(Produksi)
Keuangan Inventori
Promosi Pengendalian
PR
Li
Mutu
an
ng
g
un
ku
k
ng
i ng Penjualan
an
L
Boundary Spanning
# Pertukaran informasi
Ada 2 tugas
a. Deteksi dan processing informasi tentang
perubahan lingkungan
b. Mempresentasikan O terhadap L
contoh : Riset pasar (Market Research)
Boundary Spanning
(Elemen perbatasan)
LINGKUNGAN USAHA
INPUT OUTPUT
PROSES
Stable (Pael)
Prime (PAEi)
Unfulfilled
Go-Go Entrepreneur
(PaEi) (Pa Ei)
Founder or
Family Trap
Infant (P- E-)
(Paei)
Infant Mortality
(P---)
Courtship
(paEi) Affair
(-- E-)
Growing Aging
TALENT INVENTORY
TALENTED CREATIVE
PEOPLE ARE :
• DIFFICULT
• DEMANDING
• DISAGREEABLE
• DISOBEDIENT 9D
• DISLIKEABLE
• DISORGANIZED
• DISPUTING
• DISRESPECTFUL
• DISCORDANT
PEOPLE+
BAGIAN – BAGIAN
ORGANISASI ORGANISASI
KUMPULAN BAGIAN-BAGIAN
ORGANISASI
INDIVIDU ARAH INDIVIDU
ANALISIS (AGGREGATE)
Skala Kompleksitas Sistem
JENIS SISTEM
SKALA 5. Tumbuhan
KOMPLEKSITAS 4. Sel
3. Sistem Kontrol
2. Clock Work
RENDAH
1. Frame Work