problems

Compressibility and bulk modulus

Surface tension and capillarity
 Definition

Density :-Density is simply mass per unit volume at standard

temperature & pressure.
Weight Density :It is defined as the weight per unit volume at
standard temperature & pressure.
Specific Gravity: Specific gravity is the ratio of the specific weight
of the liquid to the specific weight of a standard fluid.
Specific volume: specific volume of a fluid is define as the volume
of a fluid occupied by a unit mass or volume per unit mass of a
fluid is called specific volume.
Viscosity: Viscosity is the resistance that a fluid offers to flow
when subject to a shear.
Kinematic viscosity – it is define as the ratio between the
dynamic viscosity and density of fluid.
 Definition
• Newton’s Law of Viscosity: This law states that the shear
stress on a Fluid Element layer is directly proportional to
the rate of Shear strain
• Vapour Pressure: Consider a liquid contained in a closed
vessel, the vapour molecules gets accumulated in the
space between the free surface & the top of vessel.This
accumulated vapour of the liquid exerts a partial pressure
on the liquid surface is known as Vapour Pressure
i.e Mercury
has very low vapour pressure (0.173 N/m²)
and high density (13000 kg/m³)
 Definition
• Compressibility and bulk modulus:
Compressibility is the reciprocal of the bulk
modulus of elasticity, K which is defined as the
ratio of compressive stress to volumetric strain.
• Surface tension: Surface tension is defined as
the tensile force acting on the surface of a liquid
in contact with a gas or on the surface between
two immiscible liquids such that the contact
surface behaves like a membrane under tension.
 Definition
• Capillarity is defined as a phenomenon of rise or fall
of a liquid surface in a small tube relative to the
adjacent general level of liquid when the tube is
held vertically in the liquid. The rise of liquid surface
is known as capillary rise while the fall of the liquid
surface is known as capillary depression.
• It is expressed in terms of cm or mm of liquid. Its
value depends upon the specific weight of the
liquid, diameter of the tube and surface tension of
the liquid