CHAPTER 4 – MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF

LIFESTYLE DISEASES
WHY IS SMOKING HARMFUL

• Almost every organ in the body is damaged when person

smokes.
• Around 5 million die yearly from tabacco, wherein one
individual dies every eight seconds.
• Each stick of cigarette has more than 4,000 chemicals and
consuming it would cut an individual’s life for atleast five
minutes.
SUBTANCES OF TABACCO

CARBON
TAR NICOTINE MONOXIDE
Is harmful by Is a toxic chemical
Is a poisonous
product of smoking compound that mostly
cigarettes. consist nitrogen, chemical from
which also makes burnt cigarette
Build-up disrupts cigarettes addictive. that makes the
clearing process of
the lungs and ruins Makes heart beat fast heart do more
air sacs. brings work to supply
lightheadedness and sufficient oxygen
upset stomach.
in the body.
 Parental Role Model
Adolescent Experimentation and Rebellion
Depression
Limited Education
Weight Control
Aggressive Marketing
Stress
Addiction

WHY DO PEOPLE START MOKING?

 Pleasure
Fear weight gain
Nicotine Dependence
Use of other substances (many smokers also use alcohol
and drugs)

WHY DO PEOPLE KEEP MOKING?

WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF TOBACCO SMOKE?

MAINSTREAM SIDESTREAM THIRD-HAND

SMOKE SMOKE SMOKE

Commonly known as Commonly known as Refers to cigarette

“first-hand smoke” “second-hand smoke offshoots which is
It is a very attached to the smokers’
It is the smoke from
hair and clothing as well
lit cigarette that is dangerous smoke
as various surfaces like
both inhaled an when take in.
walls, floors, furniture,
exhaled. It is the smoke chairs, and toys. This will
puffed out by remain in the environment
smoker called even if the smoke is
environmental already gone.
tobacco.
POOR DIETARY HABITS
DIETARY HABIT
• Are usual choices of food that
people make. Diet effect an
individual’s health condition.
• For person to grow and
develop, he/she needs a
healthy and balanced diet that
provides energy for everyday
activities.
Poor Dietary Habit
• Occurs when the person does
not follow the principles of
good nutrition – adequacy,
balance, variety.
• Is about not eating enough
healthy food.
POOR DIETARY HABIT (PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
NUTRITIONS)

ADEQUACY BALANCE VARIETY

Refers
moderate
to Refers to Refers to
amounts of correct consumption
nutrients to combination of different
maintain normal
of nutrients. types of food
body function. products.
POOR DIETARY HABIT DEVELOPING RISK
DISEASES AND HEALTH PROBLE

Obesity • Type – 2 Diabetes

Tooth decay • Osteoporosis
High Blood Pressure • Certain Type of cancer
High Cholesterol • Depression
Heart Disease and • Eating Disorders
Stroke
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE

• Occurs when an individual lacks the recommended level of regular

physical activity or if he/she is physically inactive.
• There are recommended level of physical activity for every age
group, which was proposed by many international and national
health organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, World Health Organization, American Heart
Association, American College of Sports Medicine and the
Department of Health
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

• Is the leading risk factor of death worldwide.

• According to the WHO, 60-85% of the world’s population does not
have enough physical activity.
• In the Philippines, the 7th national Nutrition Survey in 2008 reveals
that nine out of ten Filipinos do not exercise regularly.
WHAT DOES PHYSICAL INACTIVITY CAUSES
YOU?

• Increase risks of certain cancers

• Contribute to anxiety and depression
• Risk factor to certain cardiovascular diseases
• Increase risk of having a coronary heart disease and obesity
• Decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to excessive sitting
• High blood pressure and increased cholesterol levels
TYPES OF DISEASES WITH UNHEALTHY
LIFESTYLE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
• A disease of the heart and
blood vessels and is the
leading cause of death in the
Philippines.
CANCER
• A disease where cell in an
uncontrolled pace. These cells
can form a tumor which can be
identified benign or malignant
through a biopsy procedure.
TYPES OF DISEASES WITH UNHEALTHY
LIFESTYLE
DIABETES OR DIABETES
MELLITUS
• Disease resulting from a
condition of the body wherein
the body is not able to produce
or effectively use insulin.
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Commonly called chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disease(COPD); occurs in the
air path and other parts of the
lungs.
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES A condition
causing the
arteries toType
harden
of
and thicken. Some
arteriosclerosis
typeswhere
are natural
depositedCoronary arteries
• ARTERIOSCLEROSIS to growing old. (pathway
fat hardens and of blood to the
becomes plaque heart muscles) are
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS on arterial
Cardiac musclewalls.
failure
narrowed or blocked; a
due to lack of blooddisease
flow of coronary
• CORONARY HEART DISEASE Chest pain from
to the heart. narrowed
vessels and not the heart.
coronary arteries due to Irregular heart rhythm
• HEART ATTACK The immune system
inadequate oxygen for brought about by faulty
attacksthe
theheart.
heart and can
electrical conduction
• ANGINA PECTORIS cause fever, weakness,
heart issystem
Thevalves. that
not able oris worsened
and damage to its
by uncontrolled stress
• RHEUMATIC FEVER below its normal capacity
levelscausing
and high caffeine
to pump blood,
• HEART RHYTHM ABNORMALITIES/ARRYTHMIA liquid to accumulate intake.
in
the lungs and others
• CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE areas of the body.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALIGNANT AND
BENIGN TUMOR

MALIGNANT BENIGN
• Is cancerous. The tumor • Is not cancerous.
can spread to invade
and destroy nearby It may increase in
tissues and body parts. size but do not
This process is called invade other body
metastasis.
parts.
FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES OF CANCER

CARCINOMA SARCOMA
• Is the most common of • Is an connective or
the major categories; an supportive cancer,
invasive malignant tumor which include muscle,
from epithelial tissue
that tends to spread to
bone, fat, blood
other body parts. vessels and cartilage
cancers.
FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES OF CANCER

LYMPHOMA LEUKEMIA
• Arises in cells of the • Is the cancer of the blood
lymphatic or the immune or bone marrow
system tissues characterized by an
characterized by abnormal production of
abnormal production of blood cells, usually
white cells and decrease leukocytes or white blood
in resistance. cells.
TYPES OF DIABETES

GESTATIONAL
TYPE 1 DIABETES TYPE 2 DIABETES DIABETES
Is insulin reliant Is non-insulin Occurs in certain
diabetes because the pregnant individuals.
body produces little or dependent. This
no insulin at all. The occurs when the The hormones cause
immune system destroys the body not to
the cells producing
body produces respond to the
insulin, which causes the insulin but it insulin produced by
build-up of sugar in the cannot be used the body.
blood an loss of sugar in
the urine. by the cells
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE

MAJOR RISK FACTORS OF COPD

INCLUDE
• Tobacco smoking
• Indoor air pollution
• Outdoor air pollution
• Occupational dusts and
chemicals like vapors, irritants
and fumes
What are the ways to prevent lifestyle
disease?
• EAT HEALTHY FOOD
• DO DAILY ROUTINES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
• DO NOT SMOKE
• DRINK MODERATE AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL ONLY
• MANAGE STRESS
• STOP COMPARING YOURSELF TO OTHERS
• AWARENESS OF HOW HUNGRY OR FULL YOU ARE
• IT’S NOT ABOUT THE DIET; IT’S MORE OF THE ROUTINE
• BE DETERMINED THAT YOU’RE GOING TO IMPROVE YOUR HEALTH
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND POLICIES TO PREVENT
AND CONTROL NONCOMMINICABLE DISEASES

GO SMOKE-FREE GO SLOW SA TAGAY

• Highlights the bad effects of
smoking.
• Every hour, ten Filipinos die
from of illnesses related to
cigarette smoking.
• There 17.3 million Filipinos,
ages 15 years and up who
smoke.
• Advocates the use of alcoholic
drinks in moderation.
• If features the major health
risk of consuming too much
alcohol as well as related
drunk-driving accidents.
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND POLICIES TO PREVENT
AND CONTROL NONCOMMINICABLE DISEASES

GO SUSTANSYA GO SIGLA
• Aims to prevent hypertension • Emphasized on regular
and cardiovascular diseases as exercise of at least three to
well as obesity by campaigning four times a week.
for reduced consumption of
salt, sugar, fats, and high
calorie food.
THANK YOU