THE ALERGIES

Paula Silva
 WHAT ARE ALLERGY
• Allergy is a special susceptibility of some people that causes them to
respond in an exaggerated way to exposure to one or more external
elements or allergens. The skin and the respiratory tract are the areas
of the body most exposed to contact with allergens, which is why they
are the organs that most frequently suffer allergic reactions, generally
characterized by a process of inflammation.
Among the most common allergens are:
• Plant pollen.
• Some foods.
• Chemical products.
• Medicines.
• Fungus.
• Dust mites.
• Animal hairs.
• Insect bites.
• Metals etc.
 SYMPTOMS
• In order of frequency and severity, in the first place they can cause rhinitis or
rhinoconjunctivitis that is manifested by itchy nose and eyes, watery nasal discharge,
sneezing, stuffy nose, etc.
The most common symptoms are:
• Nasal Congestion
• Rhinorrhea (Increased Nasal Mucus)
• Sneezing
• Tearing and Redness of the Eyes
• Dry Cough
• Wheezing in he Chest When Breathing
• Respiratory Distress
 ALLERGEN CLASSIFICATION
• inhalation allergies: plant pollen, fungal spores, hair, dander, feathers and
dust.
• ingestion allergies: milk, flour, fish, shellfish, eggs and strawberries. also
medicines.
• contact allergies: wool, silk, chemicals, plastics, detergents, plants,
cosmetics, topical medications.
• Injection allergies: vaccines, antibiotics, and other injectable medications
and transfusions with blood from a different group than the recipient.
 MEDICINES TO TREAT ALLERGIES
Allergy medicines are available as pills, liquids, inhalers, nasal sprays, eye drops, skin creams,
and injections.
• Antihistamines
Antihistamines block histamine, a symptom-producing chemical released by the immune
system during an allergic reaction.
pills and liquids : Oral antihistamines can be purchased with or without a prescription. Relieve
runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, hives, swelling, and other signs or symptoms of allergies.
Cetirizine
Desloratadine
Fexofenadine
Levocetirizine
Loratadine
• NASAL SPRAYS
Antihistamine nasal sprays relieve sneezing, itchy or runny nose, sinus congestion, and
postnatal drip.
Azelastine (Astelin, Astepro)
Olopatadine (Patanase).
• EYE DROPS
Antihistamine eye drops, available with or without a prescription, can relieve itchy, red, and
swollen eyes. These drops may contain a combination of antihistamines and other medications.
Ketotifen
Olopatadine
Pheniramine and naphazoline
 • TOPICAL CREAMS
Corticosteroid creams relieve allergic skin reactions such as itching,
redness, or scaling. Some low-potency corticosteroid creams are
available without a prescription.
Betamethasone (Dermabet, Diprolene, others)
Desonide (Desonate, DesOwen)
Hydrocortisone (Locoid, Micort-HC, others)
Mometasone (Elocon)
Triamcinolone
 MEDICINES

Cetirizine

Loratadine

Azelastine

Olopatadine

Betamethasone