COLLECTION OF DATA

Five Most Common Methods in Collecting Data

1. Direct Method 4. Observation Method

2. Indirect Method 5. Experimental Method

3. Registration
 PRIMARY DATA
- Are data collected directly by the researcher himself.
- First hand or original sources
- Can be collected through the following:
1)Direct observation or measurements;
2)By interview using sets of questions called questionnaires
or rating scales as guides in collecting objective and
measureable data;
3)By mail of recording or of reporting forms via ordinary and
special mails, courier, services, e-mail and fax to reach out
distant providers;
 4)Experimentation to find out cause and effect of a
certain phenomenon and
5) by registration such as registry of births, deaths,
marriages.
 SECONDARY DATA
-are information taken from published and
unpublished materials previously gathered by other
researchers or agencies such as book, newspaper,
magazine, journals, published and unpublished thesis
and dissertations.
 Direct Method
- “interview method”
- done through a direct
and personal contact of the
researcher with the person
from whom data will be
collected
 Indirect Method
- “questionnaire method”
- Executed through the use of
either online questionnaire or
paper form questionnaire
distributed to groups of people.
Registration Method
-Done through the gathering of
data from concerned offices.

Example: PSA
Registrar Office
 Observation Method
- Purely based on the subjective
remarks of the observer.
- It is applicable to data
pertaining to attitude, behavior,
and values of individuals.
 Experimental Method
- The method that determines the
cause and effect relationships of a
certain parameter or event under
a controlled condition.
- This method is usually used by
researchers in the field of sciences.
 SAMPLE SIZE FORMULA
• POPULATION • SAMPLE
The complete set of individuals or Is just a representative of the
subject. whole population.
How to get the sample size?
 n=

Where

𝑁 =𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑒=𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
Example:
A researcher wants to conduct a study in a
university with 10, 000 students. If he wants
to achieve 90% precision, how many
students must he take as his sample?
Given:

n=

= 99 students
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
 Click icon to add picture
1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING

This sampling technique also called the Simple Random

Sampling
 The samples are randomly picked
 Each member of the population has an equal chance of being
picked as part of the sample.
 Restricted Random Sampling

- often times used when the population to be

considered is too large.
- there are two types of restricted random sampling:
systematic sampling and stratified sampling.
 a. Systematic Sampling

The selection of Formula:

sample is done by
picking every = =
element of the
population.
 Example:
A researcher wants to conduct a study in a university with 10,
000 students with 90% precision. If he used systematic
sampling, find the member he must include in his sample.

Given: N = 10, 000 n = 99 (obtained from the previous problem)

Solution:

=
= 101
Thus, every member of the population was picked.