Avogadro’s law

and reacting gases

 Avogadro’s Law
• Avogadro’s Law states that at the same conditions
of temperature and pressure, equal amounts of gases occupy
the same volume of space
• At room temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by one
mole of any gas was found to be 24 dm3 or 24,000 cm3
• This is known as the molar gas volume at RTP
• RTP stands for “room temperature and pressure” and the
conditions are 20 ºC and 1 atmosphere (atm)
 Question
200 cm3 of butane was completely burned.
Calculate:
(a)the minimum volume of oxygen needed
(b)the maximum volume of carbon dioxide formed.
All volumes are measured at the same temperature and
pressure.
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) +
10H2O(l)
mole ratio 2 13 8
volume ratio 2 13 8
actual volumes 200 cm3 1300 cm3 800
Model Answer cm3

(a) The minimum volume of oxygen needed

is 1300 cm3.
(b) The maximum volume of carbon dioxide
formed is 800 cm3.
 Practice

• Calculate the volume of 5 mol of carbon dioxide at rtp.

• Calculate the amount (in moles) of oxygen in 4.8 dm3 at
rtp.
• Calculate the volume of 3 × 10−3 mol of hydrogen at rtp.
 Exam style

Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide that could be

produced by reacting 10 g of calcium carbonate with excess
hydrochloric acid at rtp.

volume of 1 mol of gas at rtp = 24 dm3

Ar C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40
Mr CaCO3= 100, CO2 = 44

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

 Model answer

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

1 mol 1 mol
amount CaCO3 used = 10 g = 0.1 mol
100
From the balanced equation, 1 mol CaCO3 forms 1 mol CO2, so 0.1
mol CaCO3 forms 0.1 mol CO2.
volume CO2 formed = amount (mol) × molar volume
= 0.1 × 24
= 2.4 dm3